关于德国对外贸易的研究-经济学论文代写－r51due

英国essay论文精选范文：“关于德国对外贸易的研究”，这篇论文讨论了德国的对外贸易。德国作为西方国家中对外贸易依赖程度较高的国家之一，有着近三分之一的人从事贸易出口行业，所以说出口为德国创造了大量的就业机会。德国统一后，联邦政府适时地制定了贸易促进政策体系，号召德国经济“走向世界”。同时，德国企业极为重视企业文化，对于贸易伙伴来说，一向以守时享誉世界的德国人，他们的企业归属感在世界上也是名列前茅的。

Germany, although experienced a World War II, but quickly out of the post-war negative impact, the smooth development and expansion of Europe's four major economies in the country's most outstanding. This paper begins with the problem of the recovery of the eastern part of Germany, and then uses the form and authoritative data to describe the trade situation after the reunification of Germany. Then it analyzes the causes of the current situation of trade in Germany and finally returns to the starting point of the analysis - combining with China's national conditions for foreign trade development and economic progress. Out of thinking, make good use of the experience of Germany brought the revelation.

Recognized as Europe's four major economies among the most outstanding countries of Germany, the economic strength of the first in Europe, Europe and even the world-class power. Germany is the world's fourth largest economy, the world's second largest trading nation, at the same time in medical research, technological innovation and other fields in the world's leading position.

Today, only 20 years of Germany has become the number one of Western Europe's economic power, the reunification of the Federal Republic of Germany government contributed. After World War II, the Federal Republic of Germany quickly overcome the negative impact of the war, developed a suitable development approach. Therefore, after the reunification of the East German economy can quickly reverse the situation reversed.

After the reunification of Germany, the federal government to save the collapse of the eastern region has invested a lot of energy and financial resources, making the western economic growth slowed down, thus balancing the overall economic strength and comprehensive national strength. After the reunification of Germany quickly adjust their own foreign and economic policies to meet the needs of the development of the economy. The cheap labor in the east combined with Western capital created opportunities for further development of the German economy.

As one of the countries with high dependence on foreign trade in Western industrial countries, nearly one third of Germany's employees are engaged in exporting industries, and exports have created a large number of jobs for Germany. Since 1991, after the United States, foreign trade long-term surplus, after the reunification of the two countries in 1990 after the implementation of monetary union surge in domestic demand, resulting in a substantial increase in imports, foreign trade surplus has decreased. With the improvement of the world economic situation, the German trade surplus increased year by year. Germany's exports in 1996 increased by 4.6% over the previous year, imports increased by 3.4%, foreign trade surplus of 97.6 billion marks, to 2007 foreign trade surplus increased to 1.88 billion euros, even under the influence of a serious financial crisis, Germany's foreign trade in 2011 The surplus still reached € 158.1 billion.

The structure of net exports of goods in Germany is different in all historical periods. Since the 1990s, Germany has gradually exported instead of semi-finished products, and the proportion of manufactured goods has been increasing. In Germany, the total export volume of raw materials, raw materials and other primary products from the gradual transition to finished products, especially its industrial products in the world market is very competitive. Machinery and equipment, chemical products, electronic technology products, automobiles, steel and other exports in the forefront of goods.

As the German government and the people attach great importance to science, convinced that "science and technology are primary productive forces." So the government's investment in education is very large, the prestige of scientists is extremely high. Only such a focus on science and technology of the nation, can use the cheapest raw materials to produce the highest quality goods sold abroad.

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Germany's export industry to high quality, courteous service, delivery on time and world-renowned. The main trade object is the Western industrial countries, whether it is imported or exported, France has maintained an unshakable first position, ranked second in the United States. While China's growth in the German table on the growth rate maintained a rapid trend, and now has become Germany's largest trade partner outside the EU.

Germany after the reunification of the federal government in a timely manner to develop a trade promotion policy system, called on the German economy "to the world." Trade activities mainly by the enterprise autonomy, the government functions focus on the implementation of macro-control, while ensuring the full autonomy of enterprises under the premise of promoting the development of foreign trade. At the same time, German companies attach great importance to corporate culture, for trading partners, has always been a time-honored world of Germans, their sense of belonging in the world is also among the best.

The German government has long used the financial, financial and other economic means to encourage exports. Including the introduction of preferential tax rates or tax exemption, granting export allowances, issuing export credit, establishing a national guarantee loan system, and compensating exporters who are at risk, and using exchange rate leverage to promote export trade.

The German government actively established foreign trade service agencies, foreign trade information consulting service system can be divided into three levels: government departments, chambers of commerce, associations and other intermediary departments and consulting departments. Government departments responsible for policy information release, Chamber of Commerce and other intermediary agencies from the role of uploading, the policy information will be passed to the enterprise, and the operation of enterprises to the government departments to reflect.

German trade has been ranked first in the world, in addition to Germany's own economic strength, but also thanks to the German federal and state governments to encourage the export of a series of promotional measures, including support for enterprises to go abroad exhibitors policy. In addition, because Germany is a member of the European Union, if the German enterprises to participate in the EU collective exhibitors, you can enjoy the EU funding. The German government is more according to the actual needs, continue to develop new exhibitors to promote measures.

Other promotional measures include: the establishment and support of export-oriented enterprise groups and large consortia; actively participate in international economic organization activities; the establishment of inter-ministerial coordination committee, coordination of foreign economic activities, and promote exports.

German enterprises attach great importance to product quality, strong sense of quality has become the core content of corporate culture, rooted in the hearts of the majority of employees. This culture deeply affects the enterprise's production of goods, high-quality products for the German to increase international competitiveness has laid a solid foundation. German enterprises attach great importance to the process of enterprise integration and reorganization of cultural integration, the direct effect of cultural integration is to achieve economies of scale for enterprises to clear the gap of cultural conflict. And strive to create a harmonious, cooperative cultural atmosphere. Which for enterprises to strengthen their own strength, to meet the external fierce competition to create favorable conditions.

Finally, the employees of the enterprise have a strong sense of responsibility, including family responsibilities, job responsibilities and social responsibility, for employees to play a personal initiative and creativity, while promoting the family, business and social harmony.

A country, if its level of science and technology is low, it is advantageous in terms of cost and price advantage in export, although it cannot afford the low cost of production at the expense of the environment. China is a big export country, but why is Germany exporting power? The reason lies in this. Our exports are large, but we are in exchange for the profits of the export is minimal, why Germany can export for the benefit of Italy? It has a strong science and technology, so you can use low-cost raw materials to produce high-quality goods to sell high prices. This is our difference, the difference between power and power. Our basic task and goal of absorbing foreign investment and developing foreign trade should be to improve the level of science and technology in our country as soon as possible. The international market structure, the global allocation of resources are based on this basis.

Germany's exports are mainly capital goods, and in the service industry, consumer goods and some high value-added industries, such as military and other aspects it is not dominant. Capital goods is characterized by high technical and quality requirements, is genuine, but by the impact of other factors is relatively small. After the reunification of Germany may not have a better choice than this. Throughout the major Western export powers, they are very specialized in terms of specialization, and the development of globalization and intra-industry trade has their own advantages under the role of economies of scale have self-strengthening trend. Only in the cracks in the development of China may only have a way out: take the road of strategic trade.

In addition, Germany to expand the export methods, such as fostering the establishment of export-oriented enterprise groups, the integrated use of financial and financial and other economic means to encourage exports, the introduction of advanced technology to adjust the export structure, the establishment of foreign service agencies to provide services to enterprises in the world and other measures, China will further improve the export system, expand the export trade can learn from. In the market access, China is gradually liberalizing the original restricted areas of imports, how to release and limit, Germany is a non-tariff trade barriers, a small number of large, small species of concentrated restrictions and protection, it is a line Of the effective way, which China has further improved the import system has important reference value.

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