Paper代写：The systemic toxicology－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The systemic toxicology，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了系统毒理学。系统毒理学是一门新兴的学科，代表着后基因组时代毒理学发展的新方向。所谓系统毒理学，是指通过了解机体暴露后在不同剂量、不同时点的基因表达谱、蛋白质谱和代谢物谱的改变以及传统毒理学的研究参数，借助生物信息学和计算毒理学技术进行整合，从而系统地研究外源性化学物和环境应激等与机体相互作用的一门学科。系统毒理学的发展，既有系统生物学发展的外在刺激，又有传统毒理学在发展中克服自身不足的内在需求。

Based on the foundation of related research at home and abroad, paper summarizes the principle and research strategy, research background, basis and main application of system toxicology. At the same time, to explain its current status a case study of the system is introduced. And we hope to draw sufficient toxicological nutrition from the development of molecular biology and development itself combined with the research of traditional toxicology.

Systematic toxicology is a new subject developed in the past 10 years, which represents the development of toxicology in the post genome era. The so-called system toxicology refers to the integration of bioinformatics and computational toxicology by understanding the changes in gene expression profiles, protein spectra and metabolic spectra in different doses and at different points in the body after exposure, and the parameters of traditional toxicology. In order to systematically study the exogenous chemical and environmental stress and other interactions with the body of a discipline.

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In recent years, life science has developed rapidly in new theory and new technology, a series of omics came into being, such as genomics, proteomics, Cellomics, and so on, so that people's understanding of gene and genome, understanding of life essence and life, Important progress has been made in the means of health.

In addition, traditional toxicology research still has many deficiencies, compared with the rapid development of molecular biology technology and more and more exogenous substances, toxicology research methods urgently to be reformed.

The development of systemic toxicology has both the external stimulation of the development of system biology and the inherent demand of traditional toxicology to overcome its insufficiency in development.

Genomics is the study of the structure, function and expression product of genome. The product of the genome is not only protein, but also many complex functional RNA. The methods and techniques of genomics are applied in the field of toxicology, which is called Poison genomics. The basic method of toxicological genomics is to observe the changes of gene expression patterns in organisms after exposure to toxins, screening of toxicity-related genes, gene expression profiles revealing toxicity, rapid screening of poisons, classification of chemicals at genome level, screening and detection of gene polymorphism, detection of gene mutations, safety evaluation, etc. Thus, the key problems in toxicological studies such as the combination of chemical compounds, the toxicity of high flux screening to the human body, and the mechanism of toxic action were studied.

Transcription is the study of gene expression from RNA level. The transcription group, the sum of all the RNA that a living cell can transcribe, is an important means of studying cell phenotype and function.

The transcription group spectrum can provide information about what genes are expressed under the conditions and infer the function of the corresponding unknown gene, and reveal the mechanism of specific regulatory genes. The molecular label based on gene expression spectrum can not only identify the phenotype of the cell, but also can be used in the diagnosis of disease. For example: In Alzheimer's disease, the brain nerve cell gene expression spectrum of nerve fiber tangles is different from normal neuron, when the pathological morphology does not appear the fiber tangles, this kind of expression spectrum difference namely can act as the molecular marker to diagnose this disease directly.

To elucidate the expression patterns and functional patterns of all proteins expressed in the cells by various biological genomes in the organism. Including the identification of protein expression, the existence of the way, structure, function and interaction.

At the same time, the expression of genes is complex, the same gene in different conditions, different periods may cause a completely different role, coupled with the role of translation modification such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, ethyl phthalate, hydroxyl, etc., so that the structure, function and activity of protein dynamic and complex variation. The basic steps of various proteomics techniques include sample protein preparation, protein separation, mass spectrometry analysis, protein identification, peptide mass fingerprint or pure protein pyrolysis ion spectrum database.

Andrewcraig the study of the mechanism of rat liver intoxication by using the method of systemic toxicology. High doses of thiadiazole can cause necrosis of hepatocytes in rats, and the reasons are not clear. The authors studied specific mechanisms through genomics, proteomics and metabolic group techniques. After three days of continuous injection of thiadiazole in male rats, the dosage was 150mg/kg/d, and the urine was collected 24 hours a day after receiving drugs from the blood and liver. The monitoring data can be used to explain the metabolic pathway and the conversion process of drugs in the liver.

Michaelwaters conceived and established several toxic databases based on hazard or risk assessment, and its first database was developed as a poison database under the EPA office. Through cooperation with the Government, business and research institutes, the toxic database has played a significant role in toxicological research and cancer research.

Ethanyixunxu in the study, the male rats were exposed to platinum compounds and gentamicin respectively. Using Metacore analysis software, the biochemical changes associated with renal toxicity were identified by integrating the analytical images of metabolic group analysis in urine and the analysis of transcription groups. The results show that platinum compounds and gentamicin can seriously affect the mRNA synthesis of some transcription, and each transcription is a metabolic product. Furthermore, it was found that several transcription children in the kidney may be responsible for the main media role in inducing nephropathy. Jiangshanwang, et al., based on the technique of Metabolic group, the systemic toxicology of Adriamycin was studied by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in rats. Then, the variance analysis and the component analysis method are used to reveal the interaction between the dose and time and the multivariate variables. Finally, the metabolic molecules of various design-induced processes can be identified by precise high-throughput test equipment, and the hypothesis of the mechanism of adriamycin-induced toxicity is inferred.

Mutation studies points out that "group learning" is a tool for understanding and learning systemic toxicology. The "group" technique can be used to obtain a wide range of data based on genomics, transcription, proteomics, and Metabolic group studies. The paper further points out that it seems very simple to use the method of gene toxicology to study systemic toxicology. The editorial notes that the study of the mechanism of toxicity is critical to the correct assessment of the risks of drugs or environmental chemicals exposure.

Davidj. Spurgeon studied the use of systemic toxicology methods to understand the combined effects of environmental chemical mixtures. Sometimes these models have limitations, especially when the poison is interacting, the model cannot be accurately predicted. In order to better understand the interaction of mixed poisons, a new framework for experimental research has been established, which is used to understand the extension of the trilogy of chemical bioavailability. This framework holds that the interaction of chemical mixtures stems from processes, including species evolution, transport of chemical contaminants, adsorption, digestion, distribution and excretion of contaminants in the organism, and degree of adhesion of chemical contaminants to target targets.

System Toxicology is developed on the basis of modern biological technology, its appearance and development provide a new idea and method for human research toxicology, also let people see hope for some propositions of traditional toxicology powerless, but as a new research field, his research method is immature and the research idea is very vague. Despite the high hopes, there is still a long way to go to get enough nutrition from the development of molecular biology and to build up and contribute to human health by combining traditional toxicological research.

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