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本篇paper代写- Reasons for the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreement讨论了美国退出《巴黎协定》的原因。特朗普在宣布退出《巴黎协定》时声称：“为了履行我对美国及其公民的庄严职责，美国将退出《巴黎协定》”，因为旨在应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》对美国非常“不公平”，所以决定退出《巴黎协定》，其目的在于企图进一步恢复美国经济、扩大就业和维护霸权地位，但后果可能适得其反。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

On June 1, US President Donald trump announced the withdrawal of the us from the Paris agreement. The move makes the United States one of three countries in a global effort to combat climate change, drawing strong international condemnation. As the world's second largest emitters of greenhouse gases, the United States out of the Paris agreement mode of governance to cope with global warming have a significant impact, also make us from another perspective, to spy out the significant changes of the capitalist world.

The Paris agreement is after the Kyoto protocol, the second a legally binding climate agreement, is a new phase of a historic agreement on global climate governance, since 2020, is a matter of global action on climate change. The United Nations secretary general guterres says the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreement has severely weakened global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Italy's prime minister, she really Rodney with German chancellor Angela merkel and French President marolon issued a joint statement, said is unlikely to renegotiate the agreement, trump's decision or its Allies coping with global climate change, they said it will actively promote the developing countries, encourage the its adoption of the agreement. Canadian prime minister Justin trudeau said: "trump's decision is heartbreaking, and we remain willing to work actively with countries around the world to tackle climate change and transition to clean economic growth."

At home, Mr Trump's decision has also been opposed. Former U.S. President barack Obama said, stick to the Paris agreement states, will be benefit to create new jobs and industries of the national, state and believes that the United States, cities and enterprises will step up efforts to help protect the only planet we have "offspring. Former secretary of state John kerry, who negotiated the Paris agreement on behalf of the United States, accused Mr. Trump of turning the United States into an "environmental pariah in the world." On June 1, 2017, the New York times reported, including California, Washington and New York's governor, mayor of 30, three more than 80 colleges and universities the principal and the owners of more than 100 companies decided to comply with the treaty, the Paris agreement by all responsible for protecting the earth. In addition, another media reports pointed out that the United States, including Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle and 61 cities such as New York, in a statement vowed to maintain, the Paris agreement and commitment will be more efforts to meet the climate goals of cities at present, and increase investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency.

Trump said in announcing out of the Paris agreement "in order to fulfill my solemn duty of the United States and its citizens, the United States will withdraw from the Paris agreement", because the Paris agreement designed to cope with climate change is "unfair" to the United States. Mr Trump's exit from the Paris agreement is intended to further restore the us economy, expand employment and maintain hegemony, but the consequences could be counterproductive.

In recent years, although the U.S. economy has recovered from the economic crisis, it has remained at a low level of growth. From 2010 to 2015, the annual GDP growth rate of the us was only 2.23%, especially in 2016, the GDP growth rate was only 1.6%, the lowest since 2011. Under the Paris agreement, the United States agreed to cut domestic pollution emissions by 26 percent to 28 percent from 2005 levels by 2025, or 1.6 billion tons. Trump said: "this agreement about the climate policy, take the American people, countless wealth, the wealth, even we are in agreement before, never notice we previously have." Mr Trump campaigned on a promise to withdraw from the Paris agreement, hoping to boost the domestic coal industry and make it easier for companies to produce energy in the us. Since taking office, Mr Trump has signed executive orders to overturn much of Mr Obama's policy on climate change. In late March 2017, signed a trump to promote energy independence and economic growth of executive orders, slashing and climate policy and the scientific research project budget, such as the United States environmental protection agency (epa) budget cuts of more than 31%, at the same time also require direct revoked before four executive orders related to climate change, immediately to the relevant provisions of the clean electricity plan review, etc.

However, the industry is not buying trump's energy policy. Coal, gas and oil companies in the United States to know, to some extent, although they are limited to the Paris agreement, but if the us out of this agreement, they may lose at the table with China, India, the European Union and other countries the status of the negotiations on environmental issues. Even as Mr Trump dithered over whether to withdraw from the Paris agreement, some energy companies rallied to defend it. Exxonmobil argues that as part of the deal, "this success can be replicated around the world" because of the wider use of natural gas and the decline in us carbon emissions. Bp said it would continue to support the Paris agreement that "it is possible to meet the climate challenge while providing the energy the world needs". Anglo-dutch shell said it remained "strongly supportive" of the Paris agreement. moody's analytics chief economist mark zandi said: "global climate change pose a threat to the economy, we are doing to solve global warming any efforts are conducive to economic development", and in the fight against climate change, any delay will bring the negative economic impact ". So an attempt to use the development of the oil industry to restore the U.S. economy could further damage the struggling U.S. economy in the long run.

With unemployment high in recent years, Mr. Trump pledged to bring back a lot of jobs during his 2016 presidential campaign. Trump said: "the Paris agreement will damage the American economy, kill American workers, reduce America's sovereignty, the agreement imposed unacceptable to the United States the legal risks, and make the United States in the face of the rest of the world, always at a disadvantage." Trump economic consulting firm, citing the national bureau of economic research association, said if comply with the Paris agreement, America will suffer a $3 trillion loss, losing 6.5 million industrial sector jobs, papermaking, cement, steel, coal, natural gas and other industries will withstand capacity is reduced by 12% to 86%.

Some critics point out that the clean energy industry, which includes solar and wind power, creates more jobs in the United States than coal. According to the Obama administration, the U.S. has more than three times as many jobs in renewable energy as it does in coal mining. The United States already relies heavily on domestic coal and gas resources, rather than imports, according to several U.S. energy experts. Mining in the United States is largely mechanized, making it difficult to create new jobs in the industry. Instead, solar and other renewable energy investment prospects brighter than coal, coal to become the world's renewable energy has been more than a big energy, electric cars to drive the development of the automotive industry, clean energy is also created a large number of jobs. Professor at the university of Pennsylvania, Gary colli Ann in thought, from the Paris agreement is hard to increase employment to the United States, although some specific environmental regulation will lead to the traditional energy industry lose some jobs, but in the long run, to strengthen environmental regulation can increase more jobs in the field of new energy. Therefore, there is no contradiction between expanding employment and developing clean energy. The development of traditional energy will lead to the loss of a large number of American jobs in the long run. Attempts to use the "us first" strategy to maintain us hegemony

During the 2016 campaign, vowed to quit the Paris agreement trump, he questioned the science behind climate change, says it is the Chinese of "fraud", and argues that it hurt the U.S. economy. Under the Paris agreement, the U.S. government pledged $3 billion to the United Nations to help developing countries fight climate change. Before leaving office, Mr. Obama made a $1 billion contribution to the United Nations green climate fund, meeting a third of his commitments. However, after taking office, Mr Trump said the us would start negotiating new terms, possibly rejoining the Paris agreement or even concluding new climate agreements. But only if it is "fair to America". Trump attacked the Paris agreement to developed countries each year to raise $100 billion to support the requirements of the developing countries, said the Paris agreement through green climate fund wealth transfer to other countries.

In fact, oecd countries, including developed countries such as the United States and Japan, have emissions per capita of 9.6 tons per year. In non-oecd countries, the figure is just 3.4 tonnes. The United States alone accounts for 18 percent of global emissions. The United States currently accounts for more than 15 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, making it the world's second-largest emitter. As a result, the United States deserves more international responsibility for the global response to climate change. For decisions trump, CNN comments that cooperation between China and the eu on climate issues, or to replace American leadership, "if the peace and prosperity is the result of the global economic order, then the government can neither guarantee trump European peace, can promote the prosperity of Europe. At a time of economic power, if the us continues to shirk its responsibilities as a global leader, a new power centre will emerge in China and Europe. The Goldman sachs group chief executive blanc Finn said: "for dealing with global climate change, trump's behavior is undoubtedly a step backward, that America's leadership in the global decline." "The United States has broken its commitment to the Paris agreement and made it a truly rogue nation on the international stage," said Robinson, a former United Nations special envoy on climate change, in a sharply worded statement. Therefore, the so-called "America first" strategy will actually make the United States a "rogue state", which is difficult to maintain the hegemony of the United States and cannot change the gradual decline of the United States.

The withdrawal of the United States from the Paris agreement is a setback for all countries in the world to jointly prevent global warming from entering a disastrous situation. The international community is deeply disappointed and deeply regretful. It also reflects the major changes that have taken place in the capitalist world. Here are some thoughts we can draw from this.

Capitalist mode of production in pursuit of profit as the goal, and constantly open up new investment field to expand production scale, faster depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources, and constantly to the nature of the emissions of harmful substances. Capitalism industry on resources consumption and environmental pollution has been more than natural itself of absorptive capacity, compensation ability, regeneration and recovery ability, this not only leads to global ecological crisis, and make the survival of human beings is at risk, the sustainable development of human is facing crisis. Due to the severe situation of global climate problem, both the Kyoto protocol and the Paris agreement are joint efforts of the international community to curb climate deterioration. As a capitalist powers of the United States, not only refused to take on more international responsibilities, but out of the Paris agreement, refused to acknowledge the reality of global warming, fully reflects the capitalist countries FuXiuXing and parasitic.

In recent years, the weakness of the U.S. economic recovery, the gap between rich and poor increase, the domestic contradictions, racial discrimination, and combined with the nativism, populist, against the elite, the forces of globalization, the United States itself, more care the interests of the traditional Allies. This makes the traditional international economic and political old order difficult to maintain, and also makes the contradictions between the United States and other developed capitalist countries increasingly prominent. When Mr Trump took office in January 2017, he decided to withdraw from the trans-pacific partnership, arguing that it would harm us manufacturing and be a "potential disaster" for the us. Mr Trump has called for a renegotiation of the north American free trade agreement, which he believes is the main culprit in us Labour unemployment and low wages. For the United States and Europe, the relationship between strategic European observers pointed out that after trump, the United States is more and more to the European Union as rivals instead of the traditional strategic ally, especially the contradiction of virtue officially surfaced in the us and Europe. The principle of "America first" declared by Mr Trump is in conflict with the European principle of "Europe first", which is clearly set before the world. Trump regardless of world economic development trend and persuade Allies, was determined to quit the Paris agreement, not only make myself standing in the opposite of the world, more make the contradiction between developed capitalist countries growing, making significant changes in the United States as the only superpower status, the capitalist world system faces a major adjustment, is an urgent need to build a new international economic and political order.

The international community should work together to build a community of Shared future for mankind

Mankind has only one earth and all countries live in the same world. We should advocate the consciousness of a community of Shared future for mankind. The international community has increasingly become a community of Shared future with each other. No country can stand alone in the face of the complex world economy and global problems. As for the trend of tackling global climate warming, the international community should establish the consciousness of a community of Shared future for mankind and work together to build a win-win, equitable and equitable climate change governance mechanism. Specifically, it is to build a "from each according to his ability, cooperation and win-win" mode, the international community should abandon narrow thinking "zero-sum game", especially "developed countries" push more sharing, more bear, achieve mutual benefit and win-win. 2 it is to build a mechanism of "rule of law, fairness and justice", to improve the position and role of international law in the global governance, ensure effective comply with international rules and implementation of democracy, equality, justice, and the construction of "international rule of law". "Inclusive, 3 it is to build a mutual learning and common development" of the platform, in the face of global challenges, the international community should strengthen dialogue, exchange of best practices, complement each other, learn from each other in achieving common development and benefit all the people. The Paris agreement agreed upon and implemented, means that the new turn of international climate governance mode, also opens a new starting point of the cooperation on climate change in the world, is the international society to create the vivid embodiment of human destiny community ". The building of a community of Shared future for all mankind, the voluntary and voluntary actions of all countries and the cooperative response to the threat of climate change should be the commanding heights of global morality. In the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", all countries need to take and national conditions, stage of development, their own ability to match international obligations and bear responsibility for the common human interests, so as to achieve control of the Paris agreement to establish the global temperature rise rate, protect the earth ecology security and the sustainable development of human society's long-term goal.

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