Essay代写：Community economic－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Community economic，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了社区经济。社区经济对经济发展具有巨大的助力作用，但在如今世界各国的实际经济活动中，社区经济却没有得到重视。所以，世界各国应该根据本国独特的文化和社会传统寻找一个社区、市场和政府连接的契合点，从而让本国的经济得到持久稳定的发展。

Community economy as a frontier issue of development economics has been concerned by a few scholars in recent years. Based on the introduction of relevant research background, concept definition, operation mechanism and relative advantages, this paper makes a simple and brief introduction to the community economic system, and makes an innovative summary of its operation mechanism. It is hoped that this paper can contribute to the study of community economy.

The current economic systems of various countries are mainly composed of two major organizations, the market and the government. Markets coordinate the production and consumption of goods and services through spontaneous trading, and coordinate people's profit-seeking behaviors through price signals, thus optimizing the allocation of resources and improving the economic welfare of the whole society. The government regulates the economy and allocates resources through its own legal force. Some goods, such as defence, prisons and roads, cannot be supplied by the market, but only by the government through taxation.

The research on economic system in economic circle also focuses on the research on market function and government function. Both Adam Smith's "invisible hand" and Keynes government intervention, either by hayek, friedman, Lucas liberalisation of the neo-liberal scholars advocated, emphasizes the market freedom, against any form of intervention in the economy, the government is represented by samuelson, stiglitz new Keynesian scholars to imperfect competition and the premise of incomplete information and put forward the market tend to failure to control government power. Although these studies have different emphases on market and government, they are still limited to the dual economic system of market and government.

At present, there are few studies on community economy in the economic circle. As the frontier research of development economics, there have been relatively systematic discussions on development economics -- from poverty to wealth in suishui youjiro and shenmen shanjiu. In the actual economic activities of countries around the world, community economy is still not valued. However, the complementary role of community economy to the market and government is obvious, and it has a great facilitating effect on economic development. Therefore, we need to strengthen the research on the field of community economy, so as to provide a new idea for the economic development of all countries, especially the economic development of developing countries.

As the community economy is still a frontier issue of development economics, the depth and breadth of its research are not enough and there is no unified definition.

In Ron Shaffer, Steven c. Deller and David w. Marcouiller's book Community Economics: linking theory and practice, the definition of Community is: Community is a multi-faceted organization for the whole society, which is not limited to solving poverty problems, nor is it a synonym for industrial recruitment. Unlike the two major economic organizations, the community and the market and the government, is not intended to use resources for the greatest economic benefits. The community advocates working together to overcome the crisis and provide more development opportunities for the vulnerable groups. Its central theme is full participation in addressing unemployment, poverty, environmental degradation and loss of social control.

In development economics -- from poverty to wealth, by yoshiro sumizu and shyamen kamen, an abstract definition of community is that community economy is a group of people connected by mutual trust on the basis of close interaction. In theory it could be a family, a village tribe, a workplace, a Alma mater, a church or a recreation club, or even a country or a whole planet. Community is an organization that guides voluntary cooperation among community members on the basis of strengthening interpersonal relationship and mutual trust. It realizes division of labor and resource allocation through cooperation on the basis of consultation.

From the perspective of the role of the government mechanism, we usually crack down on the breach of contract through the courts and other judicial organs, so as to overcome the above difficulties and achieve cooperation between the two parties. But what looks like a viable behavior is a lot harder in practice. First, legislation, like the above written agreement, cannot be comprehensive and detailed. Secondly, the cost of third-party mediation, especially formal court procedure mediation, is enormous. In developing countries, deals are generally small and involve relatively small amounts. Therefore, it is obviously not appropriate to mediate by legal means.

Obviously, market mechanism and government mechanism cannot solve the above prisoner's dilemma well. However, the community mechanism can be a good solution. If enterprise a and enterprise b are within the same community, since the community is composed of a group of people who have close influence on each other, it is easy for them to have a trust mechanism, so there is no subjective default risk. When a sudden and unexpected situation occurs, party a and party b will truthfully renegotiate in order to achieve the best solution. If enterprise a is within one community and enterprise b is within another community, then as the members of the community are information sharing, enterprise a and party b can analyze whether to trade with the other party based on the previous transactions between the other party's enterprise and other members of the community. That is to say, the community mechanism changes the above simple one-time prisoner's dilemma into a repeated game model that ends at random: the cooperative strategy is adopted in the first stage, and if the results of the previous t-1 stage are all correct, the cooperative strategy is continued, otherwise the transaction will be stopped. Through the community mechanism, the results of this pre-t-1 phase can be determined entirely by the information provided by other members in the community. Asahi has noted that "in terms of moral sentiment and risk, those who benefit from trading on the basis of trust are reluctant to deal with people he knows have betrayed their business partners. The costs of social contempt and exclusion will be particularly high in a close-knit, well-shared community of people. The greater the concern about the social constraints of the community, the stronger the acceptance contract established between members of the same community. If trust between certain individuals is thus promoted as a social morality, it can greatly reduce transaction costs.

As an ancient form, community economic system is often ignored by people, so little research is done in this field. However, the role of communities in sharing information and building trust mechanisms is significant. The supplement function of community economy system to market economy system and government economy system is also remarkable. Countries around the world, especially developing countries, should find a confluence point between community, market and government according to their own unique cultural and social traditions, so as to ensure the long-term and stable development of their own economies.

想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。