Essay代写：Western media control public opinion－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Western media control public opinion，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了西方媒体如何控制舆论。近年来，西方媒体在国际舆论环境中，时常会误导公众。西方媒体的舆论误导，有一定政治目的，也有一些思想文化等意识形态上的差异而导致的。西方媒体因在国际传播中处于主导地位，所以一定程度上控制了舆论的走向，对一些国家、事件进行误导。

In recent years, western media often mislead the public in the international public opinion environment. It is worth pondering in developing countries which means western media use to mislead the public opinion and achieve the expected results. The pattern of news communication in today's world is "strong in the west and weak in the east". Western countries play a leading role in the dissemination of information. Understanding the means and ways of western media to guide public opinion is also a reference for Chinese media to give their own voice to the world.

At present, the western media, led by the United States, is still the controller of world public opinion. Two thirds of the world's news comes from western countries, which account for one seventh of the world's population. This powerful position also determines that the western media in the guidance of public opinion on a greater initiative. However, the direction of public opinion is not completely based on the principle of objectivity, fairness and truth, but on the basis of events of different natures and different national objects to take corresponding actions. Thus, misleading public opinion appears frequently. So, how does the western media manipulate and mislead public opinion?

First, "authoritative" speech is an important means for western media to mislead public opinion. "Authority" includes authoritative media and authoritative figures or institutions. The authoritative media in the west has a large audience group in the world and has an important influence. Information released by these media tends to be widely disseminated, which is widely reprinted by news agencies in various countries and is also trusted by the public. But in the case of purposeful misinformation, such a broad force greatly facilitates. As western media reported in 3.14 "Lhasa" event, the mainstream western media is the main position to mislead public opinion, they keep on reported the incident in Lhasa, but not from news facts, but intended concoctive fact, misleading the public. The fox news website inserted pictures of foreign police uniforms for demonstrators into its account of the Lhasa incident, and cropped pictures of rioters attacking military vehicles to threaten passers-by. The Times was full of words like "military demonstrations" and "the killing of hundreds of tibetans". These reports are all from authoritative media, which is the main source of information for the foreign public. They have no way to know the truth of the facts, and the misleading effect of the media's public opinion is bound to be obvious. In addition to authoritative media, the power of authority figures or institutions cannot be underestimated. The so-called authority figures are some well-known figures in society, such as government officials, professors, and businessmen. Their public remarks also affect the audience's judgment of the information. In June 2005, U.S. defense secretary Donald rumsfeld launched a tirade at the asia-pacific security conference, attacking China's military development as a "threat" to the Taiwan strait and the military balance across Asia. Hillary Clinton, now us secretary of state, has also said that the us could be held hostage to China's economic decisions. In 2008, Jane's defense weekly, the world's most influential military publication, published its latest military ranking, with China ranking fourth The "China threat" theory is not a new topic any more. Western countries have been skeptical or even negative about China's rapid development. They believe that China's development threatens the common interests of other countries and even the people of the whole world in terms of military, economic, population, energy and environment. But that's not the case. In military terms alone, China's military spending is less than one-tenth that of the United States. From the perspective of public opinion, we can see that the speeches or published data held by these authoritative figures or institutions, with their credibility, make it difficult for the audience not to accept them.

Secondly, the "information bombing" carried out by all major media plays a role in promoting the generation of public opinion. In modern society, mass communication is the main creator of information environment. It can spread information to the world in a short time through mass production, duplication and mass dissemination of information, resulting in widespread information momentum. At the same time, it highlights a certain type of news through various means, making it the focus of social attention. Western media also use the characteristic of mass communication to mislead the public opinion. Before the Iraq war, for example, the American media collectively did enough to mislead the public. They all claimed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, that saddam's government had colluded with al-qaeda, and that it had killed the Iraqi people for no reason. They established Iraq as the evil side, and that the United States was the only one who could preemptively resist the terrorist group. The media also played down the anti-war rhetoric, creating a loud pro-war voice at home that shook the Iraqi people. Such "information bombing" has worked well for the government. Throw away the political purpose behind this, and the mass media's mass production of the same voice and the same opinion will undoubtedly have a huge impact on the public, just as schramm's summary of the early "" magic bullet theory" "that" "communication seems to infuse something into the human mind." "

The long history has influenced the status of western countries in international communication. At present, western countries generally hold a dominant position in the dissemination of newspapers, radio, television, Internet and book publishing. The publicity method of omni-directional three-dimensional structure can meet the information needs of most people in the world. Therefore, the diversification of communication means is the technical support of the western media for misleading public opinion. Only more ways of speaking out to the world can influence the audience. The Harvard University President Kennedy Joseph nye international political power is divided into "hard power" and "soft power". Soft power is "the ability to attract other countries through cultural and ideological appeals". It is an invisible force that differs from economic, military and technological forces. At present, the role of international soft power is becoming increasingly prominent. For example, the victory of the cold war and the global promotion of American culture and values were achieved through soft power such as news, entertainment and advertising. From time to time, the phenomenon of cultural imperialism appears in the daily life of the world. The extensive application of technical means has given cultural invasion a lot of convenience. Although the essence is misleading, it is dressed in a beautiful cloak, which will make the audience unconsciously accept its propaganda content. In addition, in recent years, transnational media groups also play an important role in international communication. Take murdoch's news corporation as an example. News corporation's various media deliver fascinating news and entertainment programs to audiences in more than 70 countries and regions in a 24-hour period. As the largest English language newspaper publisher in the world, the group issues more than 40 million copies of newspapers worldwide each week, ranking first in sales and circulation. News corp. also runs nine entertainment and news sites. It is the largest and most international media company in the world. News corp's influence is enormous. The larger media groups around the world are mostly in western countries, which is undoubtedly beneficial for guiding public opinion.

Western media are good at guiding the audience to accept information. When conducting purposeful misleading public opinion, western media will take the audience as the center, take their cultural receiving habits and emotional tendencies as the primary consideration, change the Angle and release information. Education psychology has a theory of unconscious education, also known as the suggestion theory, which holds that reason and emotion, analysis and synthesis, consciousness and unconsciousness are inseparable, while hint is a constant and imperceptible communication factor between environment and individual, which can produce huge "edification" effect. In my opinion, it can be seen from the misleading public opinion of the western media that they use this unconscious education theory, and they hide their communication intentions, so that the communication objects who do not know the truth are not aware of this is a kind of misdirection, and unconsciously form the psychological direction expected by the communicator. In the prewar propaganda of Iraq, the American media, although backed by powerful government intervention, took the interests of ordinary people as the breakthrough in the guidance of public opinion. Freedom, equality and anti-terrorism were all the ideological tendencies of Americans. This type of propaganda was also adopted for the Iraqi people. In this way, the general values and receptivity of the audience are utilized, and the relationship between advantages and disadvantages are explained by encouraging them, or they are explained to the audience by pictures, video and data. In addition, the effect of such propaganda can lead to a "silent spiral". After giving the public an authoritative cognition, the mass media brings strong pressure to the audience and the society, and promotes the spiral expansion of "silence of inferiority opinions" and "upsurge of dominant opinions", which finally leads to the subordination of "inferiority opinions" to "dominant opinions". Thus it can be seen that the propaganda method focusing on audience acceptance is an implicit way for western media to intervene in public opinion or mislead.

The misleading public opinion of the western media has a certain political purpose as well as ideological and cultural differences. As western media plays a leading role in international communication, it is also obvious to mislead some countries and events. A clear understanding of the misleading means of western public opinion is an effective way for us to respond or counter effectively. At the same time, we should learn from the western experience in the guidance of public opinion and apply it to China's journalism and communication cause, so as to make our own voice to the world and reduce the misleading of public opinion of the western media.

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