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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Marx's original idea，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了马克思的初心。马克思的初心是他从事革命批判事业的最初动机，也是马克思主义的出发点和价值追求。马克思的初心孕育于启蒙精神、文学和哲学等思想起源，饱含人文关怀、批判精神、仁爱之心和理性思维。马克思在批判现实的基础上确立了实现无产阶级解放的初心，这塑造了马克思主义科学性、革命性、实践性和发展性的鲜明特征。

In the academic circle, the definition of the origin time of Marx's thought is generally from middle school to doctoral graduation. Some scholars have regarded the ideological achievements of this period as text groups to conduct overall research and explore the influential factors of the origin of Marx's thought. The main influencing factors of the origin of Marx's thought include religion, enlightenment spirit, literature and philosophy, from which he cultivated humanistic care, critical spirit, benevolence and rational thinking, from which his initial intention also gradually developed, and his ideological development after going to the society confirmed his initial intention.

Trier, where Marx was born, is an ancient city with a strong religious atmosphere. The religious spirit is still an important part of the spiritual temperament of the citizens, and the religious life is inseparable from daily life. Marx was deeply influenced by traditional western religious culture, and religious spirit was an important part of his ideological origin. Later, many people regarded Marx as a radical "anti-religion fighter", which was actually a one-sided understanding of Marx's critical theory of religion. Marx's parents were open-minded and converted from Judaism to protestantism. "at that time, abandoning Judaism was not only an act of religious liberation, but also a social liberation movement. Religious life is an important part of Marx's family life. Religion is the initial bridge between Marx and the spiritual world and plays a crucial role in his ideological development. Marx's middle school courses include a lot of religious content. In his composition on religious issues, he affirmed the relationship between believers and Christ, comparing believers to branches and Christ to vines. Believers are dependent on Christ, otherwise they will not survive and achieve their goals. Marx also considered the status and role of religion from the perspective of history, and believed that it was natural and necessary under certain historical background and conditions for religion to lift human beings out of the state of ignorance and barbarism, let them get rid of their inner restlessness and shape their noble moral character. At that time, Marx's views on religion were deeply influenced by the enlightenment. He did not regard god as the master of human beings, but he affirmed the significance of religion to the spiritual world and historical development of human beings, and highly agreed with the humanistic care of religion.

Later, the object of Marx's religious criticism was not only religion itself, but also the popular critical thoughts of religion in Germany at that time. Although the religious criticism in the German intellectual circle reveals the illusory appearance of religion, it does not touch the reality. Marx sharply pointed out that the secular basis and thoughts of produce abuses, think that the fundamental cause of religion is the reality of suffering, his criticism of the society resulting from ideological criticism to practical criticism "criticism of the kingdom of heaven into criticism of the earth, into the French critique of religion, the theological critique into a critique of political." Marx's criticism of religion is not a simple and brutal denial, he never advocated the elimination of religion by coercive means, nor denied the value and care of religion to the spiritual world. Marx was fully imbued with the humanistic care of western religious spirit, and his worry about the suffering fate of ordinary people prompted him to explore the realistic way of human liberation.

Marx's thought originated and grew in the spirit of enlightenment. Anthony giddens is very representative. In the 1970s, he said, "Marx's works span three centuries." The reason is that Marx's works were rooted in the great changes brought by the French revolution in the late 18th century, while marxism was born in the 19th century and profoundly influenced the historical process of the 20th century. Marx inherited the criticism of the enlightenment and revealed that feudal autocracy was the root of backwardness and conservatism in Germany at that time. During his college years, he criticized the autocratic rule of the German feudal aristocracy and the national bad habits caused by it in the form of poems and plays, and pointed out that the two were mutually causative, and the criticism of authoritarianism became an important content of his political criticism throughout his life.

Marx was deeply influenced by the rational spirit of enlightenment, but he later faced the social reality and deeply studied the history of the French revolution, and had serious doubts about the consequences of the enlightenment. From then on, he stood at the forefront of his thoughts with a keen and brave attitude and launched a sharp criticism of the capitalist system. It is true that the bourgeois revolution led by the enlightenment spirit has made great historical progress, but only a few property-owners have been liberated, and the working people have gained only superficial personal freedom, but they have not got rid of the miserable fate of being exploited and oppressed. Marx's criticism of the society pointed out the fundamental defects of the capitalist society, from the ideological criticism to the criticism of power and capital, and from the perspective of human survival and value, gave a voice to the proletariat and pointed out the realistic way for its liberation. Marx inherited the critical spirit essence of the bourgeois enlightenment and realized the theoretical innovation, thoroughly criticized the capitalist society and pointed out the historical inevitability of the communist society surpassing the capitalist society, and promoted the ideological enlightenment of the vast majority of working people.

Emotion is an indispensable factor of human thought and personality. Almost all versions of Marx's biography will specially mention that he is a man with warm emotions. His rich emotions are benefited from his extensive reading of European literary classics since childhood, and literature is Marx's constant hobby in his life. Marx loved poetry, and the creation of poetry once became a way for him to express his depressed feelings, as well as a way for him to understand and grasp the world. The poems are full of Marx's sincere heart and precious feelings, permeating his love for the masses.

In the literary works of the ideological origin period, Marx expressed his yearning for his family and lovers, expressed his frustration of feeling unsatisfied and expressed his perception of "love". He sang highly of the power of love, believing that love can overcome all difficulties and evil and bring salvation to people's hearts, despite the difficulties of love, people should be born to love bravely. Marx's "love" transcends personal feelings and sublimates "little love" into "big love". He thinks hard about the contradictions of human nature and the fate of people, lamenting that people often suffer from obstacles to love each other because they cannot control their own destiny in real life, making the spiritual freedom impossible to realize. Marx's compassion for the masses was not only because of his poor material life, but also because of his emotional contradictions and tragedies. His benevolence became the most fundamental emotional motivation for him to criticize and transform the society.

Marx's deep thinking about freedom made social reality gradually occupy his intellectual territory. He realized the limitations of grasping the world in a perceptual way and decided to turn to rational thinking: "writing poetry can and should only be a incidental thing, because I should study law and desire to specialize in philosophy first." Marx had to Germany I indulge in the theory of speculative atmosphere made sarcastic and made it clear that I don't like Hegel's weird style, but after he decided to move to philosophy, from start to finish reading of Hegel and its most disciple of writing, and "want to avoid is increasingly close contact of the modern world philosophy". However, the purpose of Marx's turning to philosophical research is not to devote himself to the field of speculation, but to answer his doubts about man's freedom. The philosophical thinking of rational speculation is a necessary way of thinking to answer doubts, which directly leads to the possibility of his creating a new philosophy to transform the world rather than explain it.

Marx's philosophical thoughts in the period of the origin of Marx's thoughts are mainly reflected in his philosophical notes and doctoral theses. It is no doubt that he determined the school of self-consciousness as the research object of his doctoral thesis under the influence of Powell et al., but the fundamental reason is that the school's attention to the freedom of individual mind corresponds to his inner distress at that time. The autocratic rule of the Prussian government severely oppressed the individual spirit. According to the viewpoint of the self-consciousness school, individuals should get rid of the bad external influences and advocate beautiful things to achieve inner freedom, which was highly reasonable in Marx's eyes at that time. The doctoral thesis represents the highest level of Marx's thought, including a relatively complete philosophical system, through which the philosophical connotation of self-consciousness runs. At that time, Marx was still a Hegelian on the whole, and his papers were full of Hegelian dialectic thoughts. However, he insisted on atheism, believing that philosophy must stop endless speculation and become an ideological weapon to transform the world, which also became the fundamental reason for his later differences with young hegelians. Philosophical research is the key stage of Marx's thoughts, in his PhD thesis discusses several is of great significance to the world outlook formation of problems and implements the rational way of thinking, this let him in front of numerous and complicated social reality to shoes of nature, found that hinder the individual freedom to achieve the fundamental problem and seek realistic solution.

"In the mind of the young Marx there was already a spark of thought, and the full development of this thought was his immortal contribution to manhood." "The spark of thought" can be regarded as Marx's original intention, that is to achieve the liberation of the proletariat. Marx took the initiative to give up the superior life and spent a life of wandering, but he always defended the original idea, with theoretical criticism and revolutionary practice for the liberation of the proletariat made an "immortal contribution".

Marx's original intention was to innovate on the basis of critical theory and social reality. First of all, Marx was thoroughly proletarian. Many thinkers before him had spoken out for the freedom of the poor, but they either ended up serving the ruling class or placing their hopes for solutions in abstract morality. Marx used this scientific theory of marxism to reveal the real situation and the source of suffering of the proletariat, and pointed out the practical way for the liberation of the working people. Marxism really promoted the ideological enlightenment of the working people. Secondly, the proletarian liberation is not abstract and general but concrete and realistic. The bourgeois revolution overthrew the feudal autocracy and established the capitalist mode of production. The society was increasingly divided into the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, which gained the right to develop freely while the proletariat could only endure the exploitation of capital and power. The discovery of historical materialism and surplus value thoroughly reveals the development law of capitalist society and the secret of capitalist exploitation of workers. The misery of the proletariat is rooted in the capitalist mode of production. Only by breaking the capitalist private ownership and building a public society in which everyone can have equal and equal access to the means of production can the material foundation of proletariat liberation be established. Material liberation is not the whole content of liberation, but the fundamental condition. It is the all-round development of economy, politics, culture and society, and it is the free and comprehensive development of human being to get rid of the shackles of nature, society and oneself, and to re-establish the value and significance of human existence. Third, the combination of human liberation and social liberation. Individual liberation is the fundamental issue that Marx focuses on from beginning to end. He CARES about the concrete reality rather than the abstract whole. The fundamental way to realize the liberation of man is not in the field of thought, and the thorough improvement of man's fate must be realized by building a fair and just social order. There are contradictions between individuals and the state and society, and the key to realize the liberation of man is whether and how personal interests can be elevated to public interests. In a capitalist society, the state represents the interests of a minority of the bourgeoisie, and it is impossible to achieve the consistency of individual interests and public interests. The fundamental way to achieve individual liberation must be to build a communist society: "where the free development of everyone is the condition for the free development of all." Finally, Marx pointed out the reality and possibility of the proletarian revolution and personally led the international communist movement. Marx scientifically analyzed the negative factors and the rational factors of socialism contained in the capitalist society, and pointed out that the proletariat took on the historical mission of overthrowing the capitalist system and realizing human liberation. As a mentor of proletarian revolution, Marx actively participated in the international workers' movement and maintained contact with the leaders of the workers' movement all over the world, and founded the proletarian political party and organization. Since its birth, marxism has developed and matured in the workers' revolutionary movement, gradually forming an interactive mechanism between theoretical innovation and practical development, which reflects the essential characteristics of marxism as a new philosophy to transform the world.

Thought is the creation of man, and man's character and pursuit determine his ideological characteristics. Marx's initial intention to pursue the emancipation of the proletariat has created the distinctive characteristics of marxism, which is scientific, revolutionary, practical, popular and developmental.

The initial idea of realizing the liberation of the proletariat inspired Marx to ask about the real source of human suffering and explore the truth of human history development. Marx's two great discoveries in his life were historical materialism and the theory of surplus value, which turned communism from fantasy to science. Historical materialism overcomes the defects of idealism and old materialism, fundamentally changes the perspective of human understanding of social history, and reveals the development law and trend of capitalist society and the whole human history. The theory of surplus value reveals the secret of capitalist exploitation of workers, pushes forward the irreconcilability of the fundamental contradiction between private ownership of means of production and socialization of production, and points out the historical trend that capitalism will inevitably perish and socialism will inevitably win. Marxism is a orderly scientific theory system, the international communist movement from spontaneous to conscious without the guidance of scientific theory, marxism to guide the working class as a political force boarded the stage of history to realize own change of fate, the historical process of socialist revolution, in turn, confirms the scientific nature of marxism.

Marx's life career is to criticize the theory of reality and society ruthlessly, "the so-called ruthlessness, that is to say, this criticism is not afraid of their own conclusions, nor afraid of conflict with the existing forces. Marx never blindly worshiped the theory of others, and he had a strong critical spirit from the thought origin stage, which is the inherent theoretical quality of marxism. Marx is the forerunner of the critique of capitalist modernity. In the theoretical perspective of marxism, the external manifestation of capitalist crisis is economic crisis, while the internal essence is cultural crisis. The inherent contradiction of capitalist society fundamentally restricts the development of human beings, so the liberation of human beings cannot be realized in capitalist society. Marx's original intention determines that his criticism of capitalism has a strong humanistic dimension, and his criticism of capital, power and other "things" points to the criticism of "people", and the goal of communism is to reshape the survival value and spiritual dimension of people. The theoretical criticism and practical criticism of marxism are unified. The immediate manifestation of practical criticism is the proletarian revolution. Although violent revolution is a means to promote social progress under certain historical conditions, it is the product of class society and cannot fully interpret the revolutionary nature of marxism. Under the new historical conditions, the socialist revolution is not only a political activity by means of violence, but also dare to break through all the darkness of reality, create a better life and gradually realize the lofty ideal of communism.

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