Government Politics and Citizenship－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Government Politics and Citizenship，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了政府政治与公民身份。快速变化的21世纪的美国给国会带来了挑战和机遇。但是国会已经根据今天的快速变化发展和调整。在美国，国会是确保21世纪每个人的声音都能被听到并受到预算监督的代表机构。我们可以乐观地得出这样的结论：国会能够满足美国人民的需要。

A representative institution, by its definition, is an institution in which a number of people are able to represent the population by coming together for debate, negotiate. It is where representatives are elected from their constituency in smaller districts to voice on behalf of the people. In the 21st century, the diverse population and challenges of self-government calls for the updates of Congress as well. This essay will evaluate how well Congress meets the needs of American people in terms of openness and transparency, promulgation of the law, decision-making function, and supervision of budget.

The openness and transparency of operations of U.S. Congress meets the needs of American people to be informed. Openness is the best medicine to prevent corruption, which is needed by American people now. The maximum social openness of congress is the most embodiment of the degree of democracy. American people are now free to listen to the entire process of congressional activities, and the news media are free to interview. Through the use of modern technological means such as radio, television and the Internet, more Americans can easily understand the parliamentary agenda and content. At present, the United States has formed a direct televised system of congressional proceedings centered on the C-SPAN channel. State, county and city councils also have their own television channels. Now the sessions of the U.S. congress are generally open to public, and the meeting can only be held in secret only when it involves the national military or diplomatic secrets. Before the public meeting of the United States House of Representatives, all media such as newspapers, television and the internet will promptly announce the time for holding the meeting and the topics for discussion at the meeting. Both houses set up special press seats for reporting. In addition, hearings of various specialized committees are generally held in public, since the hearing needs to listen to the opinions of all walks of life. Thus, the current congress can provide

The introduction of congressional website also provides an access for the general public to participate the promulgation of the law. If an ordinary American citizen thinks that a law should be put in place, he or she can find the state senator's contact information on the congressional website. Americans often organize events such as letter-writing campaigns to express their opinion to congressmen. Assuming that a lot of people were mobilized and ultimately the parliamentarians were affected, they would write a bill that could be understood as the initial idea of a law. The bill is then distributed to the committee, who is responsible for the bill, for discussion and amendment, and finally sent to the Senate. The Senate will then discuss and vote on the bill. If the Senate passes, it will be handed over to the House of Representatives, and then the two sides' committee will hold consultations on the final issue and reach an agreement. By this，the needs of the public has higher chance of becoming law.

The U.S. constitution and related laws provide Congress the power to supervise the budget, but the effective exercise of these powers depends on the adequacy of the parliamentary capacity. The American people now are concerned about the size of the federal budget, allocating the specific uses of each budget, and supervising government spending. Having budget supervisory authority does not necessarily imply budget supervision. Professional support agencies, highly qualified professionals, adequate information,etc. are all key to Congress's ability to monitor. Although there are some professional staff members in the budgetary commissions of the National Assembly, their professional abilities are far from being able to handle the complicated tasks in budget examination. The information provided by the administration often tends to defend their own budget requests. Therefore, in order to objectively and fairly review the budget of the executive branch, Congress must set up itself an auxiliary agency to prepare budgetary services for the Congress, which makes it work well in the aspect.

However, Congress also revealed some problems in the process of administrative supervision. Although the social life covered by the legislation in parliament is wider and wider, its actual decision-making function is getting smaller and smaller than that of the executive branch, and it increasingly focuses on supervising the policy. The U.S. Congress, which belongs to the Legislative Branch of the federal government, has an important place in the political structure in which the three powers of the United States are divided. Beginning in the 1930s, the political power in the United States gradually concentrated in the Confederation; within the federal government, power was gradually concentrated in the executive and the executive under its leadership. Since the early 1970s, the congress have successively formulated a series of new rules, granted the Standing Committee more extensive supervisory authority, and further strengthened the supervisory function of the National Assembly. First, there is lack of integrity. This has led to duplication of oversight activities in some hot agencies and wastage of oversight of some less prominent administrations. Second, there is also the question of abuse of investigative power.

The fast changing 21st century America presents both challenges and opportunities for the Congress. But Congress has developed and adapted in accordance to the rapid changes today. In the United States, Congress is the representative institution to ensure that each person’s voice in the 21st century can be heard and budget supervised. It is optimistic to conclude that Congress can meet the needs of American people.

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