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英国essay论文精选范文：“何为存在感”，这篇论文讨论了“存在感”。社会生活中广泛存在着“存在感”、“刷存在感”等现象，对个体的社会交往行为产生了重要影响。存在感通常是个体自发产生的一种心理体验，伴随着尊重、自我实现以及积极情绪等体验。通过“刷存在感”，人们往往可以获得外界的关注，满足自己的心理需要。

Today, the word "presence" frequently appears in people's lives, entertainment stars, politicians and even commercial products and other related current affairs are inevitably labeled "brush presence" label. Some researchers through the network novel page set up the study found that the home page book review area and interactive information area as the author, the reader to find and create a sense of the way of existence. In today 's increasingly developed social means, people get "sense of presence" approach is a wide range of face - to - face communication virtual tools, communities, forums become people to express "existence" of a tool. It is undeniable that, through the "brush sense of presence", people can often get outside attention to meet their psychological needs.

In Goffman's view, the place where people express their "being" is the society as a whole, and the human interaction as a way of expressing people's existence is a kind of "social performance." According to the theory of drama, before the performance begins, people will first understand the social situation in which they live, and then to select the performance stage and internalize the social norms and norms in the situation. The most important "performance" process, is the performer in accordance with the requirements of the performance framework and some regular procedures to interact, through speech, behavior and other strategies to obtain the "audience" recognition process. This theory emphasizes the interaction of individual social behavior, including familiarity with the context of continuous interaction and unfamiliar situations in the temporary interaction. In addition to face-to-face interaction, the theory can also explain the people in the network interaction in the performance. For example, the online status of an individual in an instant messenger often conveys a signal of self-existence, and the recognition of the existence of such interaction by the interaction partner influences the network's sense of presence.

Social existence theory is proposed for the virtual environment of the concept of social existence, and defined as people in the multimedia environment, the degree of mutual attention. If the communication media can give individuals the same feelings as face-to-face conversations in the social emotional level, the individual will experience what is perceived as the "real person" and the psychological feelings associated with others. In the process, the two factors influencing the communication between the two sides of society are intimacy and proximity, the former depends on the communication between the two physical distance, eye contact, smile and other intimate action and dialogue theme and other factors, the latter refers to communication The process through the language, expression reflected in the psychological distance.

The theory of drama, from the perspective of the individual, describes how the individual takes the initiative to obtain the sense of being from the interaction. The theory of social existence emphasizes how the communication media influences the "sense of being" that the two sides get, both emphasize the sense of being The process of self-initiative and the interaction of the other two important factors. This kind of interpersonal interaction in the perception of self-existence can be summarized as a sense of self-existential social interaction model. Self-active expression of the individual's "own existence in the community or group," the perceived needs, and the other's interaction is reflected in the individual "let the other perceived my existence," the perceived needs. The theory of drama and the theory of social existence can explain the process of "existence" in real life and network context, and show that this kind of "sense of being" is an individual psychological experience based on social interaction.

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In the social life, the phenomenon of "brush-in-itself" is related to the "sense of being", which indicates that the individual will generate the demand for the "sense of being" and put it into action in order to satisfy this requirement. Then, the feeling of existence and the failure of the experience exist. Different results. Social psychology believes that when building and maintaining relationships with others or groups accepted, the individual experience to social acceptance, and then to their cognitive, emotional, emotional and behavior to have a positive impact. On the contrary, the individual experience social exclusion, their emotions, cognition will be a negative impact, and even self-regulating ability to damage and more aggressive behavior, anti-social behavior and other negative behavior. But the results of previous studies are not enough to explain the existence of a sense of experience and experience the failure of some of the problems. First of all, through observation, we can find that there is not necessarily a definite object as the inner group of accepting oneself when the individual obtains the feeling of existence, that is, the individual experiences the feeling of existence spontaneously without interaction. This difference suggests that there may be a difference between the experience of presence and the experience of social acceptance.

Second, social acceptance and social exclusion is an important factor in the relationship between the individual needs and needs of the attribution, its satisfaction or not affect the individual's psychological experience and cognitive and behavioral responses. Although the behavior of individual "brush-in-the-mouth" is driven by demand, it is not clear what exactly the connotation of this demand is, and how it is similar to the motive of individuals seeking social acceptance. Furthermore, some studies have found that social exclusion encourages individuals to reconstruct interpersonal relationships, and that excluded individuals are more active in interacting with and interacting with new relational resources. Then, the existence of a sense of failure, the individual's psychology, how to change the behavior is also worth exploring. Finally, according to the theory of drama, the individual will take the impression management strategy in the social interaction, while the social acceptance and social exclusion cannot explain the existence of the relevant behavior of cognition, behavior strategy.

This study explores the formation and development of this phenomenon and the psychological and behavioral responses to it through the interview method, focusing on the "existence" and "feeling of brush" in social life. Since there is no research on the meaning of the existence of clarity, this study uses the root theory of its meaning, characteristics and the generation process were analyzed.

First of all, this study in the interview process for the existence of experience and experience the failure of experience are concerned about both of these findings can be corroborated each other. On the one hand, this study, through a number of case studies, found that individuals in the relationship needs and needs of the role of access to the presence of a sense of happiness, respect, interpersonal satisfaction and other positive experience, that experience and social acceptance of the psychological experience caused by acceptance Similarities. On the other hand, empirical studies have confirmed that social exclusion can lead to negative emotions, and those who are excluded will give more negative evaluation of the source of exclusion. This study also found that when individuals did not get a sense of existence, they would not only experience negative emotions, but also produce corresponding negative attitudes. It should be stressed that this attitude change is limited to the existence of a sense of experience fails, for the presence of experience gained, this study did not find a positive attitude change.

Secondly, this study divides the types of the sense of being perceived by the individual according to the way of production. The study found that individuals can spontaneously generate a sense of presence in certain contexts, such as experiencing positive emotions when they themselves, their own opinions, deeds are praised by others, or discussed by others who are important. This is different from the mechanism of social acceptance of individuals in social interaction, which indicates that the existential phenomenon is not exactly equivalent to social acceptance. When the individual belongs to groups praised by others, the same individual will spontaneously experience the sense of presence and the corresponding positive emotions. The sense of existence of the group becomes the indirect way of individual existence, and the strength of the connection between the individual and the group influences the strength of the individual's sense of being. This finding may be related to individual differences in identity between different groups, the stronger the identity within the group, the individual affected by the greater the impact of groups within. In this study, we find that individuals may change their strategies and adopt new behaviors to regain their sense of existence when they experience failure, such as actively participating in new group topics. It is worth noting that this kind of compensation is also driven by the demand-driven behavior, but its mechanism is different from the active presence. This study found that individuals in a specific situation will take the initiative to establish a sense of strategy, such as active sharing of experiences, chipping and so on. In the spontaneous sense of presence will also take a strategy to strengthen the experience, such as the initiative to open anonymous or membership. These phenomena are the so-called "sense of brush existence" in everyday life. In this way, the individual obtains the satisfaction of the existential needs, which leads to the increase of the interaction activity.

Finally, this study also found some characteristics of the existence of the demand generation mechanism, these findings are also consistent with previous studies on social interaction behavior. The study finds that the situation, the object and the interactive subject influence the individual existence requirement, which is consistent with the view of the drama theory about the situation definition and the performance stage, and also with the social situation theory, Interaction "," proximity "and so on. This study finds out that when the individual actively establishes the sense of presence that is not obtained before the existence or compensation, he will adopt the behavior management strategies such as impression management strategy and strategy change to obtain the positive attention and recognition of the outside world. This is closely related with the drama theory about performance framework, Script "," impression management "description of the same. In this study, we found that in the presence of experience failure, in addition to taking compensatory behavior, the individual may also take social withdrawal behavior, and may be accompanied by the generation of negative attitudes. According to the demand-threat model of social exclusion, when the relationship needs are more threatened, the individual will show strong interest in social relations reconstruction and more pro-social behavior tendency, and when the performance needs are more threatened, the individual will pass Anti-social behavior or reduce the willingness of pro-social behavior to enhance the sense of control. But the difference is that the reduction of willingness to pro-social behavior is also affected by the interaction context, objects and themes, and this effect is achieved through the indirect effect of the existence of the sense of demand.

Because of the process of reality interaction, virtual communication and the existence of individuals in the absence of their own situation, this study also obtained some new discoveries based on the previous research results. But at the same time, the study of the existence of the sense of existence in the real world is still worthy of in-depth study. As this study is a qualitative study using grounded theory, the structure and stability of the concept of existential sense still need to be further studied. In this study, the "sense of presence" experience is similar to the social acceptance psychology, but its approach shows that the individual can not only get a sense of existence through active action, but also spontaneously get a sense of existence. Therefore, this spontaneous sense of presence experience and social acceptance of the similarities and differences between the psychological need to be further explored. Based on the principle of objective sampling, this study selects college students with certain realities and virtual social networks as the research object, which results in a single defect of interviewing objects, which may not solve the other problems. For example, in a real or virtual environment in which a sense of experience failure, whether it will promote the individual in another environment in the sense of compensation behavior. Fourth, similar to social acceptance and social exclusion, there is a sense of experience, the existence of a sense of experience failure as a personal social interaction psychological experience, will affect the individual's social interaction quality and mental health can also be explored, such as explicit self-esteem, interpersonal Satisfaction, perceived social support and interpersonal equity, and so on.

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