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留学生assignment代写精选范文：“瑞典的取暖方式”，这篇论文讨论了瑞典的取暖方式。瑞典是世界上冬季比较寒冷的国家之一。然而，瑞典的供热系统非常到位，布置得科学合理。瑞典主要使用电力、生物燃料、煤炭等多种渠道综合供暖，暖气途径分为区域供暖和自己烧暖气的。在瑞典，任何一个房子都能让人感到温暖如春。

Advancing the process of building energy efficiency work, study and learn from effective methods and channels to enhance the level of China's building energy efficiency, the newspaper has launched a North American multi-storey light steel residential system issue launch Swedish full range of energy saving in residential heating energy-saving heating system for reference by the industry.

Sweden is one of the countries of the world's most northerly, and the long, cold winter. However, a scientific, rational, and a full range of heating systems, people living in Sweden any one "roof" of the place feel warm as in spring.

Swedish winter from November and generally last until the end of 4 years. "Indoor" in the long winter activities to maintain a comfortable temperature, Sweden's annual heating energy consumption is huge, accounting for 24% of the entire energy supply.

Swedish heating heat source power, biofuels, coal, charcoal, oil, garbage, natural gas and other channels. Heating pathway is divided into two kinds of "district heating" and "user-burning".

Most of the residential and office buildings with district heating. So-called "district heating and heating system, central heating by a heating center. District heating center fuel, fuel and electricity, other fuels, such as garbage. Sweden does not have a strict heating cycle. Heating facilities have outdoor probe. The indoor temperature is preset at a constant temperature, such as 20 degrees Celsius. Once the outdoor temperature is increased, the heating center for the "warm" and a corresponding reduction; a lower outdoor temperature Heating temperature is also a corresponding increase. In other words, even in the summer, if the temperature suddenly dropped to 10 degrees Celsius, "Heating" in the house immediately, which makes the indoor temperature throughout the year in Sweden have kept the temperature of people's housing needs.

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Of course, the user at home, self-heating adjustment. Heating equipment is generally 5-7 file. The most high-end is generally not more than 25 degrees Celsius, the minimum can be completely turned off. Heating costs are included as ordinary residents pay rent fee or property fee, therefore live in the residential apartment Swedish residents Monthly Yearly heating expenses seldom cares.

Sweden sparsely populated, so a lot of people live in houses or villas. Their home heating equipment since Boiler resolved. In recent years, high oil prices, most people choose to electricity. Boiler, so the temperature can be self-regulation. The boiler also comes with an outdoor temperature head, the same year round temperature is set in a constant state.

In recent years, a new heating method "warm well" villa between users in Sweden are widely popular. Specialized company in the yard playing with a special "warm well" for the user warm, despite the one-time into a larger, but in the long run both environmentally friendly and economical.

Sweden is responsible for heating the heat generally under the local government, but there are also private companies and large state-owned enterprises. For consumers, they pay heating costs depends first on the price of the fuel itself, then the tax. The reason why the user to burn oil gradually reduce because oil prices amazing, and the oil tax in Sweden up to 53%. Electricity for heating, the user may choose between different companies in a relatively inexpensive electricity companies, electricity accounts for only 30% of the electricity for heating the price, the user needs to pay the electricity tax, the network construction fees. In addition, users need to purchase heating equipment and pay the maintenance costs. But living in an apartment district heating users, these costs are included in the fixed thousands of kroner ($ 1 to about SEK 7) one month's rent or property costs.

According to relevant statistics of Sweden, the Swedish National approximately 70 million unique domestic users. 0.66 kroner per kWh (including the network fee and taxes) per cubic meter of oil 5973 kroner (including tax) calculation, the user of an electric heating in heating expenditures are: one-time investment in equipment 31 000 kronor per year for heating operating and maintenance expenses of 17,000 crowns; oil burning heating users: one-time investment in equipment of 40,000 crowns, SEK 20 000 per year heating operation and maintenance expenses; users "warm well", a one-time investment in equipment costs is 12 million crowns. Heating operation and maintenance expenses per year for 14,000 crowns.

Therefore, heating is a relatively large Swedish family household spending. Swedish Department of Energy specializes in local government set up "energy consultant" to help different families with different design, including the energy use of the program, including the heating, in order to minimize household spending, while protecting the environment, reduce the energy consumption of the whole country.

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