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下面为大家整理一篇留学生代写范文- The Development of Japanese Culture，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了日本文化的发展。当人们谈及日本文化，第一时间想到的无疑是武士道、歌舞伎、和服、樱花等。在日本文化的发展过程中，日本文化内容非常丰富，但却缺少系统。如插花、茶道、音乐、绘画、雕塑等，但是，它没有为每个它们集成。对于这些艺术形式来说，似乎没有什么基础。

Thinking of the wonderful experience and unforgettable culture, I am eager to do a further research about this beautiful country. What makes Japan different? Generally, it is the romantic tradition of its heroic Samurai, beautiful Geisha and Zen philosophers. It is the striking art, Kabuki theatre and serene gardens. But, especially, it is the culture of Japan, where everything suggests as well as represents, and less is considered more. Thus, it is essential to further understand Japanese culture before I can really know this country (Reiko, 2013).

Geographically, Japan is the first place for the new rising sun, which is made up by over 3000 islands in the East Pacific Ocean. Japan is a country that is surrounded by mountains and volcanic, such as its famous mountain called Fuji. Then, let’s pay attention to Japan’s capital city, Tokyo, with more than 30 million people, which is the biggest metropolitan place all over the world. The population of Japan is large. For example, it is half of the population of the U.S. but all of them are living in the land that is smaller than one of states in the U.S. based on the particular situation of Japan and my experience there, I decide to do some research and conclude the art and culture structure of Japan.

First, let’s pay attention to the developmental period of Japanese art. The first period is Jomon and Yayoi Period, which is from ca. 11,000 to ca. 250 BC. This is the earliest settlers according to archaeologists were a tribal people, the Ainu. Around 660 BC, according to old legends and Chinese chronicles, Jimmu became the first emperor of Japan. Circa 350 BC the Yayoi people invaded Japan. Remnants from this period are pottery vessels and clay figures. Copper and bronze was used for weapons and religious artifacts like bells. The second period is Kofun Period, which is from ca. 250 BC to 552. The Kofun period is also called the Tumulus period or Haniwa culture. Haniwa is the name for a typical kind of clay sculptures found on tombs. Other known artifacts from this period are bronze mirrors. In 363 Empress Jingo conquered a part of Korea (Artelino Japanese Prints, 2016). Next one is Asuka Period from 552 to 645 and Nara Period 646-794. In 552 at the beginning of the Asuka period Buddhism was brought from China to Japan. This had a decisive impact on the development of Japanese arts. It brought the influence of the advanced Chinese culture and new techniques in arts and architecture to Japan.In 604 the first Japanese constitution was introduced. It reflected the idea of the centralized rule exercised in China. By the 7th century Buddhism was fully established in Japan. Then, it is Heian Period from 794 to 1185. In 794 the capital was moved to Heiankyo (now Kyoto). During the Heian period a more distinctive Japanese art culture developed. Around 1005 Lady Murasaki Shikibu, a lady-in-waiting to the Empress Akiko, wrote the tale of Genji Monogatari. It is believed to be the first novel in the world. It deals with the life and love adventures of Prince Genji, a kind of medieval womanizer. The last period should be Kamakura Period from 1185 to 1333 (Artelino Japanese Prints, 2016). In 1180 a fierce war broke out between the powerful clans of the Minamato and the Taira. After achieving final victory in the naval battle of Dannoura, the Minamato established a new government in Kamakura. In 1192 Yoritomo became the first shogun. The Kamakura shogunate represented the real power in the country until the resignation of the last shogun in 1867. The imperial court in Kyoto was downgraded to a purely titular power. The shift of power from the nobility to the class of the samurai warriors had its influence on Japanese arts. During the Kamakura period more realistic and popularized art forms emerged. The Japanese calligraphy and the Japanese tea ceremony were initiated (Artelino Japanese Prints, 2016).

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In terms of art,Japanese art, from its history, has a special form that is also under traditional Eastern Asia because of its special geographical and culture backgrounds. Based on the literature research, I have several considerations about Japanese culture and art. First, Japanese art has both individual and dependent characteristics. On the one hand, there is much aloneness in different types of Japanese art. It is not based on how many people are working on the very art, and it is rather an aloneness of mental feeling. For example, in Japanese art of ikebana, every artistic modeling exists in the form of single one, in which there tends to have individual vase with several single flowers while this art modeling exists as an individual form. On the other hand, the kind of aloneness is not absolute, instead, it is communicating. For example, in Japanese tea ceremony, even people are always in silent, it does not mean they there are emotional obstacles between them. In opposite, they have their own methods to communicate with others. Meanwhile, in Japanese art, the communication is comprehensive. There are communication among people, communication between human and nature, as well as communication between human and god. However, different types of communication always exist in peace and composed ways. For example, when people in Japan are listening to the music, they always have abstract imagination about the art, and feel peace and confortable. Thus, Japanese art has both aloneness and communication.

Based on the research, Japanese keep accepting art outside while they could transfer the art they obtain to their own art and apply those arts in their lives. Then, they are able to make some creative work based on the art they learned from other country. I am impressed that Japan has such containment while I am also impressed about Japanese original art that contributes to form a special art type. I believe this is the most important characteristic in Japanese art. After glacial period, Japan started to be divided from main land, in which it starts to from a special form of art. Thousand years ago, Chinese culture started to come to Japan. After that, sculpture, painting, music, tea became the part of Japanese culture. Japan learns and absorbs those arts. In the beginning, they are simply learning. For example, they were doing sculpture that is totally same as Chinese one, in which the pictures on the sculptures are also same. Even the techniques and crafts on those art works are difficult they are still in the step of imitation. However, even most of Japanese art were coming from other countries, Japanese could still make some band new creation because they have their own philosophical perspectives. Such as tea ceremony and flower art that came from traditional China, they are seldom in current China. However, they are still vivid in Japan. When I was in Japan, when I participated in tea ceremony, I felt it was ridiculous and difficult to understand their actions and expressions. I thought those actions and expressions could only exist in drama playing, but how could it be in the real life. However, after I understand their philosophy towards the connection between god and nature, as well as the connection between people and nature, I started to understand and accept Japanese culture. I can imagine when I sitting in a major sit, watching every details of tea ceremony, enjoy the feeling of aloneness, and it might be a good experience about culture. Such as tea ceremony, flower art, Japanese pays attention to the meaning of flower and tea, which is a practice of their mindfulness, in order to make empathy with others and with nature. This is an essential characteristic of Japanese art.

In Japanese art, there is another beautiful thing that is so called the instantaneous beauty. Japanese tend to be fancy about beautiful comes and disappears in a moment. Compared to other countries seeing beautiful flowers, Japanese like the short term of flower such as Sakura. Based on the literature review, most kinds of art focus on the beauty of eternity. No matter techniques, materials, and pattern of manifestation of art, most people like to pursue art works that can overcome invasion from time. People like to fight with time through creating eternal art works. However, in Japanese culture system, people, in opposite, like to pursue the feeling of moment. Moreover, Japanese pursue art in every moment in their lives, they never pay attention to compare the similarity or difference between current status and status in next second. In terms of those perspectives, in which every moment has its own arts, the art of flower is a typical representative. Artists spend time and energy on the flower art, but only short time can flower sustain.

After the research and understanding of Japanese culture, I started to be more interested about this country. Compared to the experience in Japan, I have deeper understand towards their culture. However, there are also some disadvantages towards Japanese art. I feel Japanese culture is abundant but not systematical. Japanese culture likes to imitate but they have few principals. I have to recognize that Japanese culture has delicacy, fine and smooth, Japanese culture has various types such as flower art, tea ceremony, music, painting, sculpture and so on. However, it has not integration for each of them. It seems no basics for those art forms, and Japanese culture cannot reject influence from other countries especial influence from Chinese culture. Moreover, because of the incoherence of Japanese history, it didn’t accept all of good things from other culture. It always makes simple things comprehensive.

Even though, we still can say Japanese culture is a constant history. When I research Japanese culture and its art works, I feel peace and comfortable.

Reference

Artelino Japanese Prints. (2016). http://www.artelino.com/articles/japanese_art_history.asp

Reiko, T. (2013). Collectivism in Twentieth-Century Japanese Art. East Asia Cultures Critique. 21, 225-236.

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