Essay代写：Paper Making－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Paper Making，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了造纸。造纸术是世界上最伟大的发明之一。在古代，人们记录信息的媒介有很多，但都不方便携带。随着中国古代的发展，造纸被发明出来。到了东汉时期，人们在提高纸张质量方面取得了很大的进步。渐渐地，造纸变得越来越流行。

Introduction:

As an international student who is originally from China, I have always been obsessed with the amazing inventions that my ancestors developed or discovered. When I was in middle school and high school, I learned the Four Great inventions of Ancient China. The Four Great Inventions are paper making, commercial printing, gunpowder and compass. I am very impressed by how smart my ancestors are and so proud of the contribute that they made to as I grow up; I see how those small inventions plays huge role in our lives. All the ancient Chinese scientists’ small step of their discoveries is the big step for the whole society, not only China, but also the whole world. As the society develops, a lot of inventions are been replaced by other high technologies with better function and efficiency. However, it does not mean that it is the time for us to forget how much the old invention. Without all the old inventions, the society won’t become it is today. In my research project, I want to specifically talk about paper making technology. The development of paper making is the beginning of human civilization and it makes culture exchange much easier and efficiently. Also, it helps us who live in the recent learn from the past. Nowadays, high technology is taking over the traditional inventions; more and more people are using computers instead of paper and pen. For me, I think it is important to remember the past. It is also a good way to respect my ancestors with all their hard work. Through this research paper, I want to learn the process of making the paper and how important it is to the development of human beings.

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Part 1: The history of paper making

Paper making is one of the most important inventions in the world. Before the invention of paper making, the ancient Chinese made the words in the old pottery piece which was fragile. People used to try their best to find the good things to write down the words. In the ancient time, people communicated with others and imparted information by many things, such as the bamboo slip, cloth, leaves and so on. However, these things were either too heavy or too inconvenient to carry. For this reason, it needs a proper tool to solve this problem. With the development of the ancient China, the paper making was invented. In east Han dynasty, paper making was improved greatly. At that time, people made great progress in improving the quality of paper. Gradually, the paper making became more and more popular.

Part 2: the progress of paper making and its improvement

Indeed, the paper in the ancient time is not as good as the current paper. It takes Chinese people much time and energy to improve and develop the paper.

In different period of time, there were different kinds of paper. This had close connection with the improvement of the materials and the progress of skills.

In west Han dynasty, the paper started in the society. However, this kind of paper was very rough. What’s more, the quantity of this kind of paper was limited and the materials of paper were very expensive (Song,1978). For this reason, the paper could not be translated in the country.

In east Han dynasty, Cai Lun improved paper making in a wonderful way. He used some cheap things to make the paper, such as bark, hemp head, fishing net and so on. The quality of this kind of paper was great and the materials were easy to find. So it was very popular at that time.

In Wei Jin South and North dynasties, people used mulberry bark and rattan peel to make the paper. This made the materials of paper making cheaper than before (Ano, Ano).

In Tang dynasty, bamboo was used to make paper. This was a great progress in the history of paper making, because bamboo was very easy to obtain and to deal with. Later, people added some objections to improve the quality of paper. With the development of the Tang dynasty, the quality of paper was better and better and there were many different kinds of paper in the society (Ano, Ano).

From Tang dynasty in to Qing dynasty, the paper making improved a lot. Some special paper had been created during this period. Paper had become the most necessary things in people’s life. At that time, bast paper and bamboo paper were very popular with ordinary people. The paper could not only be used for writing and drawing, but also taking place of currency. In Song dynasty, the paper currency had been created, which was called “Jiao Zi”. In the latest Qing dynasty, paper making had improved a lot and the quality of the paper became very nice. The materials of paper making became cheaper and easy to find.

Part 3: Introduce Cai Lun(The inventor of paper making)

So we can see that it took a long time to improve and develop paper making. All of this cannot get rid of the efforts of Chinese people. Among these people, Cai Lun is an important person in the history of paper making.

Cai Lun was born in east Han dynasty. He was very clever when he was a little child. His parents were farmers and his family was very poor. In his childhood, he liked to observe things around him. When he was fifteen years old, he was selected as eunuch. He studied very well and got great progress (Hargrave, 223).

Later, he became the manger of hand workshop. At that time, he learned the skills of paper making from others’ experiences. Then he started to improve paper making. He used barks, hump head, fishing net to make the paper. This kind of paper was much better than before. He was praised by emperor. Later, the paper making was popularized in the society. This kind of paper was called “Cai Hou paper”(Hargrave, 224).

The paper making made China become a great country. The development of Chinese culture and language could not leave paper making aside. He also did the great contribution to the whole world. Cai Lun is a great person in the history of paper making. He was respected and admired by Chinese people.

Part 4: Paper making skills from different countries.

Tanks to Cai Lun, paper making was introduced to many places, such as Europe, India, Arab and so on. In fact, paper making skills are different in different countries.

In ancient Europe, people learned the skills of paper making from Arabians. The first paper factory in Europe was built by Arabians. The materials were hump (Ano, Ano).

In India, people made paper of some natural things, such as bamboo, hump, cloth and so on. The important thing was that most of the materials were old and discarded. So the process of paper making was very environmental (Hargrave, 224). Indeed, Indians learned the skills of paper making and added their own things to make it better.

As for Arab, paper making was introduced into Arab in Tang dynasty. In the war, some Chinese people which were good at making paper were carried into Arab. These people taught the skills of paper making to Arabians. Later, the paper factory was built in Arab. The material was hump (Ano, Ano). From then on, Arabians had grasp the skill of paper making. In fact, almost all of the countries in the world learned the skill of paper making from China.

Part 5: culture and society influence and it’s route of transmission

Paper making had changed the world a lot. Before the appearance of paper making, the Chinese culture was difficult to carry and last (Ano, Ano). So some culture lost as time went by. When paper making popularized among different countries, the culture had been written down on the paper. For this reason, culture had been kept for a long time. At the same time, paper is easy to carry and introduce, so paper making enhances the communication between different cultures. Depending on paper making, the world civilization becomes rich and colorful. Different countries can exchange and share their culture with others. To some extent, the paper making changed the relationship among different countries. For example, with the introduction of the paper making in to Arab, the commercial intercourse between Arab and China was popular. For this reason, the relationship between Arab and China became better than before (Ano, Ano). Because of paper making, the culture can be introduced in to different places. People tried their best to broadcast the paper into different countries. The paper was made many things to carry, such as books, pictures, wrapping and so on. So the paper was translated in different ways.

Conclusion

In conclusion, paper making started from west Han dynasty. It was improved a lot by Cai Lun in east Han dynasty and it had great progress from Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty. It has great influences on people’s life at that time. Indeed, paper is very important and necessary in today’s life. With the development of technology, it is more convenient and easy to make paper. Now, the paper can be easily made out by machines. In this way, people’s lives can be more effective and convenient.

References

Anonym, Words and paper making, 21 May 2016, Retrieved from, http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/cn_sgfw/2004-08/20/content_59200.htm.

Anonym,"Four Inventions of Ancient China: Paper Making, Gunpowder, Printing, Compass." 21 May 2016, Retrieved from

<http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/focus/inventions.htm>. .

Anonym, paper, 21 May 2016, Retrieved from,

<https://ilookchina.net/2011/07/24/ancient-chinese-inventions-that-changed-the-world/>.

Song, J H, et al. "Rescarch of Environment Protection Strategy of Chinese Paper Making Industry." European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences 19.11(2015):1976-1982.

Hargrave, Jocelyn. "Disruptive Technological History: Papermaking to Digital Printing." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 44.3(2013):221-236.

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