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本篇paper代写- Russian formalism讨论了俄国的形式主义。俄国形式主义指的是20世纪俄国出现的一个理论流派，它以文本为中心研究文学文本的语言。俄国形式主义批评也是当时最重要的理论流派。什克洛夫斯基是其中最具原创性的代表人物，其“陌生化”的理论最具影响，为文学批评提供了新的视角。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Russian formalist criticism is the most important theoretical school in the 20th century. Shklovsky's theory of "defamiliarization" is the most influential, providing a new perspective for literary criticism. Through the analysis of assorted gram rove's Tolstoy's works, found formalism criticism theory is to "defamiliarization" function orientation in the revival of the feelings of people, has the characteristics of the literature makes it possible to literature.

Russian formalism refers to a theoretical school that appeared in Russia from 1914 to 1930. Shklovsky is one of the most original representatives. He put forward and explained the theory of "defamiliarization" in his early work art as a technique. On the basis of the earlier theories, the essay theory in the late years sorted out and reinterpreted the theory of "defamiliarization". But no matter in early or late in the form of socialist theory, the criticism of giant has mentioned many times also is a literary giant Leo Tolstoy's works, even wrote a biography of the Leo Tolstoy. This paper will combine with shklovsky's formalism theory to analyze the significance and interest of Tolstoy's works.

"Art is a way of experiencing the making of things, and the making of things is not important in art." Shklovsky put forward his views on art directly in art as a technique. Production means expression and presentation.

Russian formalism under the influence of structuralism, assorted lofgren, the dominant poetic language institute is to through the study of the functional sex of the poetry language text, based on the literature text research problem of literariness in literary texts, assorted gram rove, under the background of their literariness is a kind of literature, made possible by the general characteristics, through the study of the language of literature analysis and research, and then in the Russian literature classic reading he summarized the concept of a very important - the defamiliarization.

"If many people live their entire lives unconsciously, it is as if they had never lived it," says Tolstoy. According to shklovsky, art is "about making a stone a stone" and "making it feel". Shklovsky says in the theory of prose that singularity is to see the world with another eye; It's not just a new perspective. It's a fantasy of a new, and therefore a sunny world. It's the new, self-affirming literary movement, the movement of new perspectives on the world. Such as Mark Twain's "peak wake gaiden" in his plain speaking style, see the necessity of justice from the Angle of their own. When gogogol talks about strange flights, he's trying to get the reader's attention. Assorted gram rove think Tolstoy's creation - is to see a world in which have not been described for genius, Tolstoy's manuscript after many changes, the result is to teach people to see.

Assorted gram rove, found that Tolstoy's exotic gimmick is that he did not speak out the name of the things, this is because the name joins the habitual feeling, this kind of utilitarian language simplified formula, symbols, everything makes sense to unidimensional, lost the reflection ability; Tolstoy, on the other hand, described things as if they were first seen, and described things as if they were first seen. Such as "shameful" article to lash, Tolstoy to touch the conscience, the typical method used, is to use the "ignorance" look at common objects, and the rationality of awareness is to accept the things.

Everyone has a gait that he knows. If he doesn't feel his gait -- he doesn't seem to exist. Tolstoy felt his gait and found his way to see the world. Sometimes Tolstoy from a special Angle of view to see the world, such as the hall stowe mill is composed of a saw and heard horses to describe myself, so things not to be, but indirect feel things through the horse's eyes. For example, lu xun's diary of a madman and kong yiji are also practices of defamiliarization of perspective, which enables us to restore our experience of life and return to our own heart. The meaning and the task of art, herliebnikov says, is to re-examine the phenomena of the world. Many of lu xun's novels adopt the first-person perspective, and there is only one theme -- "seeing", which is more profound from the perspective consciousness than direct view.

Shklovsky says that literature is an argument, an interpretation, an argument about the world. Literariness makes literature possible, while strangeness makes literariness possible. Draw something out of the ordinary. For this reason, the unusual things should be shown to be ordinary. Assorted gram rove, Tolstoy found with this technique described "war and peace" in the fight, was first described as strange things, such as back from Moscow neman battle, France, Russia, the two militaries actions like hide and seek, For example, in the description of guerrilla warfare, Tolstoy even used mathematical methods to calculate the morale of the army, and so on. Tolstoy's works are full of such bizarre descriptions.

"Prose must have details and surprises because they can increase attention," says shklovsky in prose theory. Tell unusual things in prose, and the speaker is tired, so keep the listener's attention. Prose, therefore, is often a matter of privacy and often tells something different. Therefore, both privacy and expression are to attract the audience. For example, strange tales from a liaozhai studio is to arouse readers' interest with different routine events, giving people a sense of weirdness. "A dream of red mansions", "full of absurd words, a bitter tears", is different from the daily perspective, the understanding of the expression of people with a sense of absurdity. Because of the flesh-and-blood consciousness of the conventional, any deviation from the conventional will be as skin - cutting as sensory stimulation. Therefore, according to shklovsky, art is close to decomposition, which means that the writer fixes a detail on the picture and renders it, thus changing the usual proportion. Tolstoy, for example, paints a picture of battle with vivid details of moist lips. This attention to detail creates a unique dynamic.

Theory of Russian formalism art works are discussed in this article the structure of the internal problems, in the structure of stories and novels, assorted gram rove piled up all that story, is usually caused by some kind of frame type story. "Tolstoy, in his early writings, confused leva and nikolenka, came up with his own childhood, and finally came up with his own prose theory." In Mr Shklovsky's view, Tolstoy's writing contains techniques and techniques of expression. In the article he further noted that the most common application is Tolstoy he refused to cognitive things, said the ornament in the "war and peace" is a small piece of drawing paper board, said the communion for a slice of white bread, blaming yourself or believe in Christian god.

Here, shklovsky focuses on the opposites created by Tolstoy, and believes that the special process of fiction formation is the opposites. In halstomir, the duality of "man and horse" is represented by shelp hofsky, who was the owner of holstomir for a time. Mr Shklovsky finds Tolstoy's symmetries more complex, with his characters symmetrical to each other. Don't be shoehorf -- Paul konsky. In the Anna karenina, Anna - warren, a group of people, levine, a group of people is symmetrical, Kitty and this contact him is the relation of two groups of people; Mr Shklovsky thinks that Tolstoy used kinship not to show it, but to show it as a ladder. Secondly, when studying the plot and structure of the novel in the later period, shklovsky believed that the beginning of a good novel story requires the overlapping of one and two. There seems to be an essential rule in drama, which is that the main plot lines overlap, or lead to a parallel character, or the same thing. "Anna card column Nina" is given priority to with Anna and levin two clues of the development is so so, people living at the same time, but they have a different time. People come together in different ways and at different times.

In addition, if the circumstances are made one aspect is also important, Aristotle proposed in "poetics" plot regardless of using off-the-shelf, or made up by itself, should be simplified into a man first outline, and then according to certain rules for weaving. It's designed to bring the pieces together. However, the plot and structure are controllable, but the magnanimous art does not know the fate of napoleon or Anna. But as shklovsky says, "Anna's life ended more profoundly than anyone else's. She will be in katyusha wire resurrection of her body. She went to a distant world as if into another history.

Unlike brecht, who positioned the function of "defamiliarization" on the recovery of human reason, shklovsky positioned the function of "defamiliarization" on the recovery of human feeling. In the early days of the theory, the assorted gram rove, and others only from the language of a literary text, only attaches great importance to the form of art, and ignore the content of art, in his theory works in its later finally admitted that the content of the art is also a meaningful, so the contents of the art is hidden, he says he is the embodiment of the art is not just pure gimmick, should be the content of the reality in the art.

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