Essay代写：The compulsory education law in Britain－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The compulsory education law in Britain，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国的义务教育法规。英国义务教育法规经历了萌芽、全面确立和进一步发展三个阶段，每一个阶段都制定了相应的义务教育法规。《1988年教育改革法》是20世纪英国最激进的一次教育改革，它规定实行义务教育阶段的全国统一课程，实行全国统一的成绩评定制度，家长有权利为子女选择就读学校并参与学校管理，学校可以摆脱地方教育当局的管理，把资源的控制权下放给学校。

In the first half of the 19th century, Britain adopted a laissez-faire policy on primary compulsory education. As the industrial revolution drew to a close, the British government gradually realized the seriousness of the problem of primary education, and the original laissez-faire concept gradually changed to moderate intervention, and issued a series of laws and regulations on compulsory education.

In 1802 promulgated the apprentice health and moral act, the law regulation, "at least in the first four years, each apprentice work must take working days, as part of the in general working hours, depending on the age and ability of the such apprentice, paid for by such apprentice factory owners, employ appropriate, self-serious faculty, apprentice in a special place to teach reading, writing and arithmetic, or one of the three doors... The act, which stipulates that apprentices must receive a proper education, indicates that the British government has started to intervene moderately in compulsory education.

The factory act of 1833 stipulates that children aged 9 to 13 must provide proof of their participation in school education, and that children should spend two hours in their working hours to receive education and learn preliminary "3R" knowledge and religious knowledge... The factory owner must have the age certificate of the factory doctor and the teacher's certificate of admission to the school. The factories act was amended again in 1844 to require proof of schooling for child Labour. The factories act of 1846 further clarified that "factory education is compulsory and is one of the working conditions". The promulgation of the factory law played a positive role in promoting the education of the children of the working class.

In 1860, the "mining law" stipulated that 10-11 children could not receive further school education until they obtained the "3R" certificate.

As mentioned above, the government issued many laws and regulations to force children to receive primary education, but in fact, the situation of primary education in Britain was extremely backward during this period. However, there is no legislation on compulsory education in the real sense, which can only be said to be the embryonic stage of compulsory education legislation in Britain.

And the real sense of compulsory education is from 1870 the British government promulgated the "primary education act" began. Between 1870 and 1891, primary education in England became free and compulsory.

In 1870, the primary education act stipulated that children aged between 5 and 12 should receive compulsory education. If the parents could not give a proper reason for not sending their children to school, they would be fined less than 5 shillings. Public schools should be set up in areas where there is a shortage of schools. The weekly tuition fees should not exceed 9p, and private schools are not limited in amount. This statutory compulsory education for the development of Britain laid the foundation. For one thing, it stipulates the obligation of parents to send their children to school. On the other hand, tuition fees in public schools are limited to no more than 9p per week.

Article iv of the sandon act was passed in 1876 clearly stipulated the parents of the elementary education for children accept legal responsibility: "every child's parents have a responsibility to let their children receive enough reading, writing and arithmetic of elementary education, if the parents did not fulfill this responsibility, so they should obey this bill put forward by the various commands, and should be punished by the various of the bill." The act requires school districts that do not have school boards to set up a "school admissions service," which has the power to make and enforce compulsory enrollment laws.

1880 the British parliament passed the mandela act. The law further provides each school district school board or school admission committee shall have the duty to enact local laws and regulations, on the problem of students regulation 5-10 years old children unconditional admission, only 10 to 13 years old children reach a certain performance requirements or consecutive five-year normal school accept education, shall be released from their obligations so long as entrance requirements, specific criteria are determined by local laws and regulations locally. In the form of the education law, the article stipulates the minimum working age and the corresponding compulsory education age under the jurisdiction of the factory law, which marks the formal establishment of the compulsory primary education system in Britain.

Fees issue of compulsory education, in 1891 the government issued the free primary education law, the parents shall have the right to demand from the children of elementary education, the cost of 3-15 years old children's annual per capita government funding for ten shillings, original tuition schools are no longer with less than 10 s of charge to all students, higher than ten shillings may charge certain fees standard school, but the amount and the sum of per capita government funding shall not exceed the original tuition standard. By providing a certain amount of per capita government grants to primary schools, the act greatly reduced the tuition fees of a small number of primary schools in Britain and made free education available to most of them.

After the 20th century, the compulsory education laws and regulations in Britain have entered a stage of further improvement and development.

In 1918, the British parliament passed the education bill proposed by the education secretary fisher, and enacted a new primary education law, also known as fisher education act. The act makes the following main provisions for compulsory education: local authorities open early childhood schools for children aged 2-5 years; 5-14 years of age for compulsory education stage; Primary schools are free of charge; The employment of children under the age of 12 is prohibited. Local authorities should establish and maintain continuing education schools and provide young people who enter such schools with appropriate courses of study, instruction and physical training free of charge, and young people should receive 320 school hours per year in the continuing education schools. The fisher education law extends the compulsory education period to 14 years old, and all primary schools are free of charge.

In 1944, the British government passed the education reform program proposed by the education committee with butler as the chairman, namely the education act of 1944, also known as butler act. The provisions of the act on compulsory education are as follows: the implementation of compulsory education for 5-15 years of age. Parents have the duty to ensure that their children receive compulsory education and that enrolled students attend school regularly. Local education authorities provide full-time education and part-time education to persons who have passed the age of compulsory education. The butler act extended the compulsory education period to 15 years old, stipulated the responsibility of parents for their children's compulsory education, and local education authorities provided education for those who exceeded the age limit.

In November 1987, British education secretary baker presented the education reform plan, namely the education reform act of 1988, to the British house of Commons. The contents related to compulsory education in the act include the implementation of national unified curriculum for compulsory education. In the compulsory education stage, all students must learn 10 compulsory courses, including three core courses of English, mathematics and science, and seven basic courses of history, geography, technology, music, fine arts, physical education and modern foreign languages. Additional courses include classics, housekeeping, business studies, health knowledge, information technology applications, biology, a second language, and livelihood guidance. We will establish a national performance evaluation system for compulsory education. Each subject of compulsory education has corresponding achievement goals. Each achievement goal is divided into ten levels corresponding to the grade, and is evaluated at the age of 7, 11, 14 and 16. At the end of compulsory education, students take part in the national general certificate of secondary education (gcse) exam to assess their achievements. Give parents the "option" of enrolling students. Specific practice is, the "standard number" that limitative primary and secondary school enrolls students, the parent can be in this area or another area chooses a school for the child, the school is in when enrolling a number to be not full, cannot refuse the entrance requirement of the student. This is known as the "open enrollment" policy. The education reform act of 1988 is the 20th century Britain one of the most radical education reforms, it stipulates the compulsory education phase of the unified national curriculum, implements the unified national performance evaluation system, parents have the right to choose their children attend school and participate in school management, school can get rid of the management of local education authorities, the control of resources to schools.

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