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本篇paper代写- Questions Based Draft on the Archangel Ivory讨论了大天使象牙。大天使象牙作为拜占庭最大的象牙雕刻遗产，被保存在大英博物馆。大天使象牙刻画了一个年轻时身穿宽松长袍、手持权杖和帝国宝珠的大天使迈克尔，最高等级的天使，非常符合古典雕塑的风格。该作品作为拜占庭艺术的代表作，具有重要的地位，受到了艺术、历史、考古、建筑等诸多领域研究者的高度重视。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

The Archangel ivory, as the largest Byzantine ivory panel legacy, is reserved in the Room 41 of the British Museum. It can date back to the early 6th century with depiction of an archangel who is an angel of the highest rank often known as Saint Michael. At that time, Eastern Roman with Constantinople as its center was ruled by Emperor Justinian, who carried out a series of projects. As a result, Byzantine style was emerged. It should be mentioned that Byzantine art means exactly “the art of the Eastern Roman Empire”, which “starts with the rule of Justinian in the sixth century and extends to the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453”(academyart.edu/onlineCourseContentOutline).

With its careful depiction of an archangel at young age wearing loose robe and and holding a sceptre and imperial orb, Saint Michael the Archangel is recognized as in accordance with the style of classical sculpture. To be more specific, details of his robe, curly and lush hair, expression and also the wreath on his head are all identified as classical motifs and convention. Moreover, as the right panel of a diptych with two panels that can be closed like a book, Saint Michael the Archangel was assumed to be an proof of Emperor Justinian’s strength and ambition, since Emperor Justinian was possibly the lost left panel(Robin 2000). It should be noted that Michael’s feet do not stand still and exactly on the stone steps, which makes him seem to walk down the steps or fly to the air, especially with his eyes looking towards the heaven where he came from and not glancing at audiences or human beings. All of these detail enables “more detailed telling of the sacred narrative”（Erika 1970）. Interestingly, there are some Greek words at the top of the diptych, which can be translated as “Receive this suppliant, despite his sinfulness”. According to Robin(2000), it may be “an expression of humility on the part of Justinian”. But Marylyn(2004) translated it as “Receive these gifts, and having learned the cause”, and took it as “an inscription that continues on the lost second panel”.

There are historical changes in Byzantine art with the reign of Justinian I (527–565). Emperor Justinian not only obsesses with conquering other countries like Italy, North Africa or Spain, but also identified laws and imposed his own religious views in his empire and launched massive projects to building and restoring churches like Hagia Sophia. As we have learned in this course, many decorations in churches used the method of icon, and Saint Michael the Archangel is of no exception. The icon means to“bring one into the presence of the person who dwells in heaven”(academyart.edu/onlineCourseContentOutline), such as Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ. As is known, Saint Michael, as one of the most powerful messengers of the Christian God symbolizes as the fender of the Heaven and the God. At that time, this diptych might be an celebration of victories. It is said that Saint Michael the Archangel is an commemorative diptych of “a meeting in Constantinople in 519 between members of the Greek Orthodox Church and the pope’s representatives from Rome”(academyart.edu/onlineCourseContentOutline), and the meeting was held to restore the Roman Empire and unify the eastern and western parts of the empire. Therefore, Saint Michael the Archangel tells the message of Christians’ victory to re-unit the empire.

Furthermore, this image also speaks to the importance of Gothic architecture, and many Gothic buildings especially churches are decorated with sculptures and paintings related to saints’ lives a case in point is Hagia Sophia, which is located in Constantinople and can be seen as the symbol of the Byzantine Empire. Moreover, as one of the most powerful and significant empire in history, Byzantine Empire has great influence on counties nearby, especially some Eastern Orthodox countries such as Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia and other to the present day. Many artistic traditions emerged during the reign of Byzantine Empire, such as church architecture and icon works. Up to now, Byzantine ivories are “highly prized in western Europe, where they survived in church treasuries or were incorporated into deluxe book bindings”（Erika 1970）.

In conclusion,  Saint Michael the Archangel as an famous representative work of Byzantine art, is of great importance and has drawn high attention from many researchers from many fields such as art, history, archaeology and architecture and so on.

Works cited：

[1]Cole, Erika. “A New Way of Thinking in the Medieval Ages: The Deposition from the Cross  Proves to Be An Advanced Piece of Its Time.” Erika Cole, The Honors College, University of        North Texas, 1 Jan. 1970, eaglefeather.honors.unt.edu/2015/article/329.

[2]Cormack, Robin. Oxford History of Art. Oxford University Press, 2000.

[3]Durand, Jannic. Byzantine Art. Easton Press, 2004.

[4]“Log In.”Academy of Art University, discussion.academyart.edu/onlineCourseContentOutline?    section=161125.

[5]Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.

[6]Stokstad, Marilyn. Medieval Art. Westview, 2004.

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