Essay代写：The cynicism－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The cynicism，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了犬儒主义。古希腊的犬儒主义主张简单的物质生活，崇尚自由的人生。犬儒主义精神对后世的西方艺术产生的深远的影响。犬儒主义尊重自由的意志，直接影响了表现主义艺术。犬儒主义倾向于返璞归真的人生态度，对印象派绘画也产生了显著的影响。犬儒主义反对权威主义，具有强烈的叛逆精神，成为了现代派艺术革新的依据。

Cynicism is a famous school of philosophy in ancient Greece. There are different accounts of the origins of cynicism. One was a student of Socrates, antistus, who "taught at the stadium of the white dog outside Athens and became known as the cynic." Is worth pondering, Cynicism modern English noun to Cynicism, it is another meaning of Cynicism and sarcasm. This meaning is in keeping with the actions and ideas of the cynics. Another is a cynical thinker who pursues a free-spirited, dog-like lifestyle, thus gaining the title of "cynicism."

The representative of the cynics was Diogenes, who was born a little later than Plato and was a student of antistus, the founder of the cynics. Diogenes was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, but he voluntarily gave up a rich life. He is said to live in a bucket, dressed in rags, and eats roadside junk like a dog. Cynics despise social etiquette. The cynics Diogenes, crates, and hipparchia had sex in public and in public, as if they were back in primitive and animal times. Cynics believe that nature and instinct are normal and natural, and they advocate abandoning those hypocritical social norms and getting rid of the infatuation with luxury, so as to achieve a real free life. Once Alexander the great visited Diogenes and asked him what gifts he needed. He said, "I wish you would get out of my way." Alexander the great later said, "If I were not Alexander, I would be Diogenes." The Bohemian Diogenes was deeply respected by the most powerful men of his time. At the time, Alexander and Diogenes were probably the freest men in the world, for one was the supreme ruler of the empire and the other was a self-indulgent cynic.

Cynicism advocates simple material life and opposes people's pursuit of material and spiritual enjoyment other than meeting the basic needs of survival. The core idea of cynicism is to oppose all authority and hypocritical ethics. Cynicism is not only against the rulers of the world, but also against the gods of religion, so it has positive significance to the progressive thinkers in the Renaissance and enlightenment. In thought and action, cynics usually display a distinct personality.

Cynicism is a unique phenomenon in the history of western culture. Their influence may not compare with that of Plato or Aristotle, but it is always there. From today's perspective, the way of life of the cynics is like a piece of performance art. During the Renaissance, the famous painter Raphael created the famous fresco "the college of Athens". Athens college is one of the representative works of Raphael with the theme of famous thinkers and artists of ancient Greece. It can be seen that ancient Greek culture has a high position in the minds of artists during the Renaissance. Above the steps in the center are Plato and his student Aristotle. They are having a heated argument. Plato held timaeus in his left hand and pointed to heaven with his right hand, as if to say, "the reason is beyond." Aristotle held the ethics in his left hand, stretched out his right hand and pressed it down, as if to say, "the reason is in the thing itself." In addition, there are Pythagoras, Socrates, Epicurus and other famous figures. It is noteworthy that in the middle of the steps lies a man in rags, the cynic Diogenes. In the painting, his personality is very prominent. Except for his clothes and posture, other people are clustered together, but he lies alone in the center of the painting. Presumably in Raphael's mind, Diogenes was personal and important. As we know, the Renaissance period was an important period of personality liberation in the west, and the cynicism of praising and supporting individuality undoubtedly exerted a positive influence on Renaissance art.

Cynicism respects the free will, except for not doing anything against the law, the believers of the cynics are arbitrary and do not follow the norms. This tendency of reflecting free will has already appeared in romantic art, and it is more obvious in modern art like expressionism and abstraction. For example, kandinsky's abstract painting completely broke away from the traditional concept of imitation, doodling and venting at will, just like the way of the cynics.

Expressionist art completely abandons the "imitation theory" concept which had long been dominant in the west before the 19th century, and advocates self-expression. That is to say, artistic creation is no longer the process of imitating the objective world and objects, but the free expression of subjective feelings, images and fantasies. Cynicism also advocates that everyone should not be tempted by external material temptation, and completely allow the freedom of the heart. In this sense, the artistic spirit of expressionism is very compatible with the spirit of cynicism.

Cynicism actively confronts the alienation of human civilization and tends to the attitude of returning to its original simplicity. Both Christian civilization and industrial civilization have obvious alienation of human nature. Under the shackles of civilization, human nature has been suppressed. In Freud's view, these repressed natures become unconscious. Cynics, on the other hand, pull the unconscious out of the depths of the mind, or never form it, and blatantly act out what "civilized people" would call madness.

The behavior of some later western artists is just like that of the cynics. Paul gauguin, the French impressionist painter, quit his job in the bank and gave up his luxurious life in France to live with the original inhabitants of the remote Pacific island of Tahiti. He created a series of famous paintings based on Tahiti and founded the so-called "savage art school". Gauguin once said, "the primitive, instinctive, suggestive art comes out of the spirit and USES nature." His painting "where did we come from? Who are we? Where are we going? As if it were a modern response to a cynical ideal. Matisse, the brutalist French painter, often painted primitive figures that were wild, unclothed, and without a trace of obscenity or affectation.

Cynicism opposes all authority and idols, which happens to coincide with western modernist art. Western modernist art is mostly opposed to the traditional concept of art. The most famous is duchamp, a modern artist. He once bought a man's urinal and named it quan. This work completely subverts people's understanding of the concept of art. To give the dirty urinal a "spring" name is undoubtedly a mockery of the classical artistic concept of beauty and harmony.

Examples of extreme iconoclasia also exist in the history of modern music. John cage is an American musician of the 20th century and a representative of "accidental music". He created a lot of unique music works. "Schoenberg's remark that John cage was' more an inventor than a composer 'is an exaggeration. But there is something in it." John cage's most personal work is entitled "four minutes and thirty-three seconds". During the performance of this work, the player sits at the piano, opens the cover, but does not play, sits quietly for four minutes and 33 seconds, and then closes the cover. The whole process does not appear any music sound, just open and close the piano cover at the specified time to indicate the beginning and end of music. It's not like people don't hear anything during the whole process. For example, people can hear the cough of the audience and the sound of their own breathing. Just like duchamp's spring changed people's fundamental concept of art. John cage's four minutes and thirty-three seconds turned music on its head. This spirit of rebellion and cynicism in a similar way.

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