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英国essay论文精选范文：“浅谈网络道德问题”，这篇论文讨论了网络道德问题。网络道德，是指以善恶为标准，通过社会舆论、内心信念和传统习惯来评价人们的上网行为。它是人与人之间的行为法则，是一定社会背景下人们的行为规范，赋予人们在动机或行为上的是非善恶判断标准。在网络社会中，如何保护网络中信息文化的知识产权和个人信息的隐私问题是一个亟须解决的道德问题。

In the 21st century, from the world-wide, information-based society has taken shape, and the Internet as one of the signs of the information age has increasingly become an important part of people's daily lives. "Network" refers to a global information system - logically linked together by a globally unique address, which is based on a network defined in the Internet, "the Network Committee" has adopted a resolution on "network definition" Inter-network protocols, or other future protocols or protocols that are compatible with Inter-Network Protocols, and may be used by the public user, or by other protocols, Private users use a high level of service, which is built on these communications and related infrastructure."

Today, more than 30 years after its birth, the network is developing at a speed that cannot be inhibited and progressed day by day. It is deeply integrated into human life, study and work. The network connects the whole world, whether it is known or unknown, in the East or in the West, as long as willing, can use the network, real-time, direct communication. With the development of the Internet, e-commerce, e-government, community building, international exchanges, personalized service and other vigorous development, everywhere show the unique charm of the Internet. The endless potential of the network, carrying endless information, not only for the rapid transmission of information resources has played an unparalleled role, and is integrated into people's lives, changing the traditional concept of human socio-economic, political and cultural. Network from the essence, is a science and technology, a carrier, and create a new way of life. This makes us have reason to believe that, with the help of network technology, now formed by the computer, Internet technology and the use of network personnel formed by the network society.

History of science and technology has proved that science and technology like a double-edged sword, not only beneficial to the development of human side, but also endanger human interests side. Network as a new technology of information society technology, without exception, has this double-sided features. Network in promoting the advance of human society, to human life has brought a new interpretation of the same time, also opened the "Pandora's Box", it is no longer simply technology, in the process of being used, has been doped A lot of human factors, and because of its technical characteristics contribute to or stimulate the human nature of the bad or dark side. Such as network fraud, network attacks, network viruses, Internet pornography and other kinds of immoral or even illegal acts like an atomic bomb hanging in cyberspace, posing a huge threat to the network environment, directly hinder the smooth development of the Internet, leading to the network The Emergence of Moral.

Experts point out that the pace of science is often much more rapid than the pace of ethics, and that is a serious threat to all of us.

The first is information technology asymmetry. Because of the power structure formed by information technology, it has the asymmetry of information right between different subjects. The most obvious example is the network technology experts, network owners and the general public in the possession of information resources and the use of the existence of non-reciprocity. Network technology experts, network owners and other aspects of the advantages of intellectual capital may infringe the general public's right to information or privacy, so that the latter be damaged. Such as a few years ago the "network ants event" occurred, as a free download of the network ant for its simple to use, download speed, and other advantages of Internet users by the favorite. But when people use the network ants, in the case of their own without authorization, the use of netant, download the machine will automatically visit other sites, and may even reveal the user's personal information, which caused a lot of controversy in the country. People began to pay attention to network privacy issues.

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Second, the network as a science and technology, both can be used for the benefit of mankind, may also be used to meet the evil demands of some people. Network technology, a variety of software programs are designed by a dedicated network of experts, one may be, for the benefit of these human network technology, program software may be due to network concepts, network development and other limitations, itself has defects , May give hackers leave "back door", to the user losses. Another possibility is that some high IQ, highly educated people because of biased knowledge of ethics engaged in the "hacker career", specifically the design, editing programs to destroy people's normal network life, and these hackers "Results", and sometimes network experts are also unable to break. At this time requires the network technology itself to constantly improve and be able to repair some destructive procedures, but the shift of the movement is infinite. Therefore, the view is that the network of moral problems alone cannot be solved by network technology alone.

 With the emergence of more and more netizens, the formation of a huge network of society, its special properties so that people living in which the formation of some unique ethics. However, Internet users not only live in the virtual world, but also live in the real world, so inevitably with the reality of the ethics of friction. Such as the treatment of thieves in the real world and cyber society hackers have different ethical views: In real life, the thieves are a cry of the sound, but in the network, they do not call a thief, and called "hackers", These hackers are often unconsciously to enter someone else's "home", or wantonly destroyed, or steal privacy, while the hackers, people have shown too much tolerance, or even worship. There are specialized hacking sites on the Internet, bbs also has a highly educated, high IQ crowd-based hackers of the text flow, what is more, some people to their own hackers and talked about. In real life, all well-educated people hate burglars, let alone claiming to be "thieves" everywhere. In addition to the web and books of different intellectual property rights, bbs and posters of the different views of freedom of view and so on.

This phenomenon we call the moral paradox, it reflects the reality of social ethics and network ethics of the opposition and conflict, the main reason for this phenomenon is the network of virtual and unmarked society. Often, people are living in a state of identity. Relationship, political relationship and interpersonal relationship from the traditional sense of moral communication, that is, people have all the survival, life and development space. That is, the social status, social status and social role of the moral process. The scope of moral communication is basically limited to the social stratum where power, position, occupation and interests are close. The moral standard and moral evaluation standard are relatively stable. But in the Internet age, Internet users are often in an unmarked state: do not know each other's name, image, age, do not know his credit, the reliability of speech, but cannot know his files, and even his gender cannot That. Therefore, the online exchange of two or more parties have a clear fact, that is, a non-identity status of the text flow. The performance of the two states may be very different. In the state of identity, people are subject to one way or another restrictions on the system of norms, and in the absence of identity state, due to the mentality of people there are considerable differences, then to maintain the words and deeds of civilization undoubtedly need a better moral self-cultivation, High "self-discipline" level. Therefore, the network ethics is more important to the development of network society.

The emergence of moral problems in the network society is not accidental. Society is supported by a number of intangible norms of the framework, the invisible is ethical and moral, tangible is the legal system. People in a variety of norms weaving constraints, but because of these norms and others linked to build social order. But the virtuality and unmarkedness of the network society make the real-world ethics not completely guide and regulate the new life form based on the network technology. At the same time, the lag of the original legislation loses the effective legal restriction to the network behavior.

Moreover, in the network of law-making, but also involves a number of legal definition difficult to carry out the problem. The first problem is that the legal subject is difficult to determine. In the traditional legal requirements to know the name of the prosecution to prosecute the case, but the network itself is unmarked, anyone can use untrue code to access the Internet, shielding the main, resulting in prosecution cannot be established. The second is the difficulty of defining the degree of law and the extent of its membership. If someone using the network hacking software to steal valuable information from others or the country, then provide the hacking software, the website should bear the relevant nobility? Some people use oicq or bbs for illegal publicity, then the site company or person in charge Should bear what kind of responsibility? Again the object of law is difficult to define. In the online online game, someone stole the equipment of a player, then this virtual equipment resources is not the object of legal protection? How to define the value of such equipment? These are the existing laws pending solution.

We should overcome the tendency of advocating science and technology rationality and instrumental rationality. We should shift the focus of attention from pure network technology to people, from "technical solution" to "ethical concern" and "ethical explanation", and strive to develop and develop And the use of network technology at the same time clearly the "people-oriented" ethical awareness into them, so that the network of social life, communication will not fall into the "technical factors greater than human factors" ethical dilemma.

Since the network is people voluntarily interconnected and established, from the beginning of the establishment of the network, that is, people themselves for their own legislation, self-reliance norms, their compliance. After the completion of the network, each network subject is in the complicated relationship with the self, others and society. The common requirements of these relationships are the basis and main content of network morality. The development of network moral principles and norms is a reflection of the corresponding social interests, needs and value pursuits of certain network subjects.

We generally believe that the following four principles are the most basic principles: the principle of harmlessness, fairness, respect and the principle of tolerance. Harmless principle is the bottom line of ethics in the network ethics, is the most important principle. "Do unto others, do not impose on others", it requires any network behavior to others, the network environment is at least harmless. The principle of justice is an important ethical principle that human beings have been pursuing and advocating. It is the full expression of human social rationality. It requires people to get all kinds of rights and benefits that they deserve and bear the responsibility and responsibility they should bear. The principle of respect requires that regardless of how the network technology, virtualization, network is the main body, not "virtual people", but not the machine. Network is not a "no one", but the network of relationships between people, requiring the network between the main body should respect each other, cannot be seen as the other can be arbitrarily manipulated, "calculation" pure "digital" symbol , Personal information is not free to copy and paste. The principle of permissibility is that the authority of the action involving others can only be obtained from the permission of others. Allowing is the source of moral authority and respecting the rights of others is a necessary condition for the possibility of a cyber community.

China Central Committee and other departments in the December 4, 2001 released the "National Youth Network Civilization Convention", as the majority of young people's network behavior Ethics: to be good at learning online, do not browse the bad information; to be honest and friendly writing, not insulting fraud To maintain the network security, do not undermine the network order; to be beneficial to physical and mental health, do not indulge in virtual time and space.

The moral subject of the network is still the person in the real society. We should see that a single network technology is not possible with emotion, the ideological and cultural flows, and social. Network is not the main body of ethics, it is only a carrier, the network is still the main ethical, that is, the use of computer and network technology, network users. Network ethics is the activity of the network of individuals, organizations and social relations between the common interests of reflection. The main body of the network is the actual creator and author of the network ethics, it is also the main body of the network moral practice and the moral behavior. It is also the moral appraiser of all network behavior and the driving force of moral progress. The process of the self-cultivation of self-morality in network life and practice is the process of self-shaping and self-promotion of the person from the moral to the moral self-discipline. The moral self-discipline is a self-restraint, self-improvement process, the key to achieving this process is that everyone from me. Cannot have "saw him, not his law, only the law, I do not know the law" mentality. In the network society, if only a small number of people from me to start small things from the strict self-discipline, the network society cannot have a civilized ethical outlook. It requires us every network user should start from me, to establish a positive and noble moral personality, to form a serious and responsible attitude, and through moral practice to cultivate independent conscious judgment, choice, correct analysis, rational To deal with online information, adhere to the spirit of patriotism and national interests, and consciously resist the intrusion of various adverse information to consciously abide by and maintain the network of ethics.

In the network society, people's social roles and moral dignity are very different from real society, people will get rid of such as neighborhood role, the role of reality and other realistic social constraints of people's moral environment, and in the context of ultra-regional play Greater social role. This means that the morality and its operating mechanism formed in the traditional society are not fully applicable in the information society. But we cannot in order to maintain the traditional moral and deny the network society into our lives, we cannot let the moral disorder of the network society or passive state of waiting for its spontaneous formation of the moral mechanism, because it will be moral and moral reality network Closely linked to the reality of moral anomie. Therefore, we should integrate the traditional ethical resources, inherit and develop the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, and introduce it into the network ethics, so that the traditional morality and culture of self-cultivation in today's network moral education value is more prominent.

Network society because of its virtual, indirect, open and autonomous characteristics, making the implementation of moral self-discipline more difficult. At present, the basic moral level of society as a whole is not too high, only the combination of moral law and self-discipline, the network of external sanctions and the network of the main moral self-restraint combined, the network of social morality can become a reality and Play an important role. Here external sanctions include technical means and legal sanctions. Based on network technology, this less human intervention, intervening, management, control of the network social environment, will the people's moral standards, a degree of civilization, a meaningful new test. In this test, people voluntarily produce a kind of answer, it cannot but people wait and see.

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