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下面为大家整理的一篇优秀assignment范文- Diabetes mellitus，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了糖尿病。糖尿病是一种代谢性疾病，也是一种典型的遗传性疾病。如果老一代患有糖尿病，下一代的家庭比其他人更容易患糖尿病。糖尿病的症状包括尿频、饮得多和吃的多。糖尿病如果没有及时治疗，可能会导致许多并发症。而糖尿病的起因有两个，一是遗传因素，另一个是环境因素。

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a series of metabolic diseases. There are mainly three types of diabetes: Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM and Gestational diabetes.

Diabetes is a typical genetic disease. If the old generations suffer from diabetes, next generations of the family are more likely to have diabetes than others.

Development of the disease

One feature of these metabolic diseases is high blood sugar levels maintaining for a long time. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If the disease is not treated, diabetes can lead to many complications, which can be categorized into two types. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.

Diabetes has two kinds of symptoms. One is that pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin. The other is that the cells of the body don’t response properly to the insulin produced.

For Type 1 DM, it is the consequence that pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin.

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For Type 2 DM, it starts with insulin resistance, which means the cells of the body don’t response properly to the insulin produced

For Gestational diabetes, it starts with the pregnant women who develop a high blood-sugar level.

Cause of the disease

There are mainly two causes of diabetes. One is the genetic factor and another is the environmental factor.

For the genetic factor, Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM have obvious genetic features. About one fourth to a half of people with diabetes have a history of diabetes in their family.

For the environmental factor, too much diets and less exercise is the main cause of diabetes. Nowadays, obesity is a series problem. People eat too much food and do too less exercise. After an accumulation for a long time, people tend to suffer from diabetes.

Affected organs

Affected organs include eyes, foots, heart and kidney. Diabetes has great damage to eyes, which can lead to blind. The disease can lead to foot ulcers and coronary heart disease, which can lead to death. For kidney, chronic kidney failure is a common threat for people with diabetes.

Therefore, diabetes has a series of complications, which is harmful to people’s health.

Treatment for the disease

In the first place, treatment involves a healthy diet and regular physical exercise. On the one hand, people need to maintain a normal body weight. On the other hand, tobacco must be prohibited for people with diabetes.

In the second place, blood pressure must be controlled and foot care is necessary for those with diabetes.

For Type 1 DM, people must inject insulin every day. For Type 2 DM, it can be treated with medicines with or without insulin. For people with obesity, weight loss surgery sometimes is an effective method. For Gestational diabetes, it usually returns to the normal situation after giving birth to a baby.

Survival rate

As of 2014, an estimated 387 million people have diabetes worldwide, with type 2 DM making up about 90% of the cases. This represents 8.3% of the adult population, with equal rates in both women and men. (Diabetes mellitus, Wikipedia)

The survival rate of diabetes is relatively high. If people pay attention to their diet and do regular exercise, the survival rate is high.

However, if not careful, diabetes will lead to a group of complications. From 2012 to 2014, diabetes is estimated to have resulted in 1.5 to 4.9 million deaths each year. (Diabetes mellitus, Wikipedia) Diabetes at least doubles a person's risk of death.

Reference:

Diabetes mellitus. (2015). Wikipedia.

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