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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Sustainability plan for city，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了城市的可持续发展规划。在城市的发展计划中，我们可以做一些项目以减少城市的能源消耗，让城市可续持发展下去。比如提高资源的使用率以减少能源的消耗。而其他公共建筑的能源损耗，我们也要想办法把它降到最低。

By comparing the key sector specific performance indicators between our city and some peer but more advanced cities, I think we can make some projects like improving the efficiency of the street lighting system to reducing Dream City’s energy consumption. Considering the control our city government may have in these formulations , the likely cost to implement these improves, and the likely time to see it succeed. I prioritize the service sectors that deserve city’s intervention in the following sequence.

1.City fuel heating system.

The most prioritized project to be considered for the municipal government in my opinion is to improve the district heating system, considering this is the biggest energy consumption we can control in our government. An old district heating system generate 552m kWh fuel per year, with 30% loss in the network . Compared with peer cities, the potential improvement we can get is 40% in efficiency. Which means we can save 221m kWh energy consumption in this project.

My proposal is to retain the original system while reforming it, the reform can be referred to some more efficient systems in peer cities.

The whole improvement may needs quite a long time, but in a year or a year and a half, we can definitely see some positive results coming. The cost on the project will also be a big number, but not that big compared to the energy consumption we can reducing for our sustainable plan.

2.Heat for municipal public buildings

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The energy consumption of the heat system for municipal public buildings is 69.8m kWh, which we can reduce 40% compared to some peer cities. As we can fully control this heat system, the improvement will not be that hard. The cost is not big, and the time will not pass one year. Specifically, my recommendation is implement this project in some area first, to see of there is some difficulties we don’t expect.  Some buildings are quite old, there may be some problems. After this project, we can reduce 30m kWh energy consumption every year easily.

3.Municipal public transport

The energy consumption of the municipal public transport is of 57m kWh, which we can reduce 20% compared to some peer cities. The municipal public transport is composed by two different parts, that is bus and tram. The city government can controls both systems. The change of the bus or tram may be expensive, but this is  an immediate result, we expected it can be finished in half a year. We can get it done without disturbing the citizens as we change it gradually. Specifically, my recommendation is to change the buses and trams to more energy saving types. The energy consumption of public transport we can reduce for our sustainability plan is 11.4m kWh.

4.Street lighting

Street lighting may not seems like an very important part in the whole energy consumption of the city, but it takes nearly 9m kWh energy every year, and it’s 100% more than our peer cities in efficiency. If we can improve the system and reduce that 50% energy consumption, the total reduction will be 4.5m kWh. The city government has fully control of the street lighting system, so the improve will be quite easy. My recommendation is to build an computer-based intelligent system, the  cost will not be a big number, and we can expect this project to be done in half a year. Besides, a project like this will really help the image of the government, shows that we can catch up with the new era and we are open to improve our city with new technology.

5.Electricity for municipal public buildings

Similar to the heat for municipal public buildings, we can effectively manage the supply of electricity for municipal public buildings and the improvement of the system is relatively simple. Electricity for municipal public buildings energy supply is much less than the Heat for municipal public buildings, about 8m, if we can improve the efficiency rate by 40%, we will save 3.2m kWh energy per year.

6.Private transportation

Private transportation is not under the control of the city government, but through some appropriate guidance and legislation, we can expect that some difference will be made. The energy consumption of private transport is a huge number, even bigger than the sum of all the energy consumption of electricity and heat composed of municipal public buildings, street lighting and public transport. If we can reduce the energy consumption, the improvement will be enormous.

Especially with the rising use of personal motorized travel modes, the energy consumption per motorized travel mode will make a bigger and bigger diffidence in the whole sustainability plan. By statistical data，half of the city’s car fleet is over 10 years old, although a terrible number, it also suggests that there is a lot of improvement we can do .  My recommendation is financially compensate those who bye new technology environmentally friendly cars, hopefully that will make the situation better.

7.Natural gas, Electricity, Water supply

Natural gas, electricity, water supply is the most important resource of the city's operation, and the biggest part of the overall energy consumption, but as all these three are supplied by the national government, the actions we can do is relatively limited. Of these three, natural gas is the most important part, the total number of energy consumption is the biggest, and the reduction we can get compared with peer cities is also the highest. If you can increase the efficiency of the supply of natural gas 30%, that will bring 856m kWh energy sources. That is almost as much as 15 times of the public transport system energy consumption.

However, with our influence on the natural gas system limited, the possibility we can implement the reform is not optimistic. As for the electricity system and the water supply system, the situations are the same. We can make a long plan to make it better in the future, but within a year and a half, the possibility we can make a difference is quite small.

1.City fuel heating system.

The most prioritized project in the Sustainability Plan for Dream City is to improve the city fuel heating system, the project can start in the first spring. An old district heating system generate 552m kWh fuel per year, with 30% loss in the network . If we rebuild the old system and reduce that 30% loss to a much little number, the potential improvement we can get overall is 40% in efficiency compared with peer cities. Which means we can save 221m kWh energy consumption in this single project.

The whole reform will probably take more than two years to finish, but that does not mean we can’t get any positive result within a year and a half.  The reform is gradual, step by step, if we completed one part of the reform, we will get the corresponding reducing from that part. The expected goal is to reduce 20% energy consumption overall in a year and a half, that is 111m kWh per year. In financial side, the city spends $25.7m on fuel heating system, the money we can save after this project is $5.1m every year. The cost though, maybe more than $100m.

The problem of this project is that we can not implement it in the cold winter, people need heating system in winter, makes it an essential factor for a long time. The good news is that Dream City is a continental city with temperate climate, the winter here will not last longer than 4 months. That means in the other 8 months, the City fuel heating system may not be a important part of peoples life, probably not even be noticed if its under improvement procedure or not. The specific work can be outsourced to the company with some extra exchange, like give them 10% of the citizens fuel heating payment in the next 20 years to cover the improvement costs. The City fuel heating system is a very quality property to invest，there must be many private companies compete with each other to get that and the government can get the most profitable bidding. In the best scenario, the government can even get some more funds for other sustainability plans.

2.Energy consumption for municipal public buildings

The energy consumption of the heat for municipal public buildings is of 69.8m kWh, which we can reduce 40% compared to some peer cities.

This project is also suggested to be taken in the first spring, as the heat for buildings is more important in winter than any other seasons. The expected outcomes is to reduce 30m kWh energy consumption . In the same time, the city spends $0.51m on fuel heating for municipal buildings, the money we can save from this project is $0.2m every year. To get that goal, several situation must be considered.

A. if the project is implemented by the government or the private companies.

Unlike the city fuel heating system, the energy consumption of heat for municipal public buildings is much smaller data, only a little bit bigger than 10% of city fuel heating system, it is something the government can do it by ourselves.

B. if the project will influence people who work there or not.

If the project will influence people who work there, the best option is always the option that complete faster, if the project will not influence people who work there, then we can choose the plan that financially cost least.

C. if we reduce the area of the municipal buildings or not

The aim here is to reduce energy consumption for the municipal public buildings supply overall, there are two ways to reduce it, as in reducing the energy consumption used in the municipal public buildings per sq.m, or reduce the area of municipal public buildings. Reducing the area of municipal public buildings will be easy, but that will cause a negative influence for people who work there, as no one will happy to have a smaller work palace, and see those areas were bounded just because the city government want to reduce some fuel and electricity money won’t help them to be happy to accept it. Another bad factor is that we can not get this area back if we want to keep the energy consumption efficacy.

Similar to the heat for municipal public buildings, electricity for municipal public buildings can be done the same way with relatively simple plan. The influence of  electricity for municipal public buildings is more accurate, that is , it has nothing to do with the season, and it will definitely influence the people who live there. Back up power is always an option, but with or without it, the procedure must be as fast as possible.

The energy consumption of the electricity for municipal public buildings is of 7.9m kWh, which we can reduce 40% compared to some peer cities. The expected outcomes is to reduce 3.2m kWh energy consumption. The city government spends $0.73m on electricity for municipal buildings, if the project is done, we can save $0.29m every year.  If every thing goes fine, we may get back our financial investment in less than ten years.

3.Municipal public transport

The Municipal public transport is composed of a system of 34 trams and a bus network with 200 buses. The energy consumption is of 57m kWh, which we can reduce 20% compared to some peer cities. So the expected outcomes here is to reduce 11.4m kWh energy consumption .

This project can be and should be started as soon as possible.

As the city government controls both trams and buses, the change will not be complicated. Change of bus or tram may be expensive, but this is an immediate improvement, expected to be done in half a year. We can get it done without disturbing the citizens as we change it gradually, not at the same time. Subway is also an option for improving public transport system, but the cost of money and time is just too much, much more than we can handle, I don’t suggest we look into that. The energy consumption of public transport we can reduce for our sustainability plan is 11.4m kWh.  The city spends $5.6m on public transport system, the money we can save from this project is $1.1m.

Another obvious benefit of improving public transportation is to reduce the energy consumption of private transportation, while the energy consumption for private vehicles is a huge number. Therefore, the improvement of public transport should not only look at the immediate interests, but more focused in long-term outcomes.  Even though, it is unwise to invest subway in a city of 309 thousand residents, it is necessary to properly increase the public transport investment, but not necessary to be too radical.

4.Street lighting

The street lighting system is under control of city government and operated by a local private firm. There are more than 18000 poles in the city and the rate of energy consumption is 487 kWh per pole, makes the total number of energy consumption 8.77m kWh. The energy consumption loss in transmission reaches 6.87% , and the total energy consumption loss is 50% more than our peer cities. If we can improve the system and reduce that 50% energy consumption, the total reduction is 4.5m kWh per year, that is our expected outcomes here. The city spends $1.05m on street lighting system, the expected outcomes of financial  benefit from this project is $0.5m every year.

The improvement can be taken in different ways, such as build an intelligent system that is able to control the street light time, or the introduction of solar power lamps. Solar street lighting can reduce the energy consumption to 0, but the cost is probably very expensive. I looked up in the internet, the cost of a solar lamp is about $200, makes the total cost $3.6m, that’s about 3 years budget. The intelligent control system may be a more practical method, given the widely use of computers this era, connect street lights to network will not be a complex and expensive work. Another method to consider is to reduce the number of street lights, but similar to some problems before, this is not a constructive long-term plan for our city.

5.Private transportation

Private transportation is one of the biggest part of the total energy consumption in the city, and thanks to the blooming of economy，the number of motorized travel modes like cars and motorcycles is increasing at a very fast rate, which makes the energy consumption of it will be an even bigger part of the problem in the future. The difference of the energy consumption per motorized travel mode will make a big diffidence in the whole sustainability plan. By statistical data，half of the city’s car fleet is over 10 years old, which means that there is a lot of improvement we can get in here .

Nobody can control what cars people want to get, but with some guidance and legislation, we may able to make people use more environmentally friendly cars, or at least more recent new cars with better energy consumption efficiency.

The total goal here is to improve the energy consumption rate by reducing 20% in the next year and half. With the total energy consumption number more than 339m kWh, the expected outcomes here is 68m kWh per year.

Specific measures can refer to some successful cases, such as financial subsidies for electric vehicles, or establish parking lots that only electric vehicles can use. As the growing need of parking lot in the city, this should have a large impact on the citizens. However, people do not use second-hand cars because of convenient or other factors, but more likely, because of financial reasons. In order to solve this problem, the most fundamental way is to improve people's income, but that is a much bigger goal than to reduce our city’s energy consumption, and obviously can not be done in several years.The conclusion is that we should not expect to change this situation in a short term, the best thing we can do is to improve it step by step.

6.Solid waste

The solid waste collection and recycling are operated by two private contractors. The city generates 116.2 million kg of solid waste each year, and the capture rate is 71.4%.  The city government spends $1.25m on solid waste system, the money we can save from this project is $0.62 m every year.

Capture solid waste and then deal with it takes money and energy consumption, but don’t capture it, leave it in the corner will be a bad influence for the city. I don’t see any specific data，but there is two obvious options here, collecting more solid waste may cost more money and energy, but will make our city more clean and beautiful. Remain the same, leave the improvement after all the other project is done can not make our city more clean, but can surely save the money. If our city is not an important tourist attraction or something, the second choice seems more practical in this moment.

Recycling the solid waste is always an environmentally friendly gesture, The theoretical energy efficiency potential is 30% compared with our peer cities. Another good outcome of recycling the solid waste is that we can get some money or electricity out of it. Garbage power is a very mature technology, first appeared in 1970s, that is almost half a century ago. There are two ways to make garbage into electricity. One is high temperature burning, make the high temperature steam generated in burning into electricity. The other one is fermentation, produce a gas called methane, then burn it to generate electric energy. If we can attract investment to build several garbage power plants, it can not only ensure the garbage recycling, but also generate extra electricity power, even result in fiscal revenue. If we do this improvement, I suggest we do it right away so that in a year and a half we can see some positive outcomes.

The whole project of garbage power plant is a little bit bigger than what’s expected, reducing energy consumption by improve the efficiency is just a reform, building garbage power plant concerns a lot more aspects,  like the acceptance of neighbor residents, like if we can get the very advanced technology from other cities, maybe even other countries. So that is a very complex and comprehensive decision to make.

7.Natural gas, Electricity, Water supply

Natural gas, electricity, water supply is the most important resource of the city's operation, the biggest part of the total energy consumption, but as all these three are supplied by the national government, the actions we can do is relatively limited. Of these three, natural gas is the most important part, the total number of energy consumption is the biggest, and the reduction we can get compared with peer cities is  30%, that is 856m kWh energy sources per year. I think we can make a long but confirmed plan to finally get the goal, but within one year or two, the difference we can make won't be that obvious.

Electricity is powered by national government. One nationally regulated distribution company supplies 1,231 million kWh electricity every year at a very fixed price. The reduction we can get compared with peer cities is 10%, that is 123m kWh energy sources. Same with natural gas, we can not make a big difference here in a short term considering we have very limited influence in the national government. or the nationally regulated distribution company, but in the long term, efforts of improving electricity supply system is promising.

The Dream cites water services are operated by the county with the total number of energy consumption of potable water 15.4m kWh per year, the total number of energy consumption of wasted water 8.8m kWh per year. The utility company produces 44 million Cubic of potable water per year and the theoretical energy efficiency potential reduction of energy density of potable water production is 30% compared with peer cities , that is 4.6m kWh energy sources. The theoretical energy efficiency potential reduction of energy density of potable water is unknown.

Another shocking circumstances is 48.6% of potable water is lost in distribution, which is a big waste of energy and money. This offers an opportunity for us to reduce some energy consumption for our sustainability plan, if we can improve this by reducing the distribution lost rate to 20%, there will be 4.4m kWh energy efficiency improve.

To sum it up, Natural gas, electricity, water supply is very important in our long term goal to build our city more sustainable, but with our influence limited, the improvement we can do is also limited. We can make a long term plan to make it better in the future, but within a year and a half, I won’t expect any big improvement can be done.

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