Essay代写：Western National security system－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Western National security system，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了西方国家安全体制。国家安全体制是主权国家为保持自身相对稳定、完整，免于遭受威胁或面临恐惧的状态而形成或建立起来的一套完整的组织机构、相应制度及运作流程。西方国家安全体制的主体结构主要由两部分组成：国家安全决策机制和国家安全执行机制，前者是国家安全体制最核心的构成部分，对国防安全、内政安全、信息安全等重大问题进行决策和实施领导；后者是负责具体实施国家安全决策部门的各种具体决策。

National security system is the important guarantee and support of national security. Western countries formed the idea of national state earlier, and thus established a national security system earlier. In particular, the United States, Britain, Russia, whether in the national security system theoretical research, or in the national security system in the construction and operation of the forefront of the country. A comparative analysis of the national security system in the United States, Britain and Russia will help to build up our national security system by reference to its experience.

The national security system is a complete set of organization, corresponding system and operation process formed or established by the sovereign State in order to maintain its relative stability, integrity, freedom from threat or fear. The national security system plays a key role in the survival and development of the country. The national security system has the following characteristics: First, it is legal. The establishment of national security system in today's countries is generally based on the Constitution and laws of the country. For example, the National Security Act of 1947 was the main basis for the establishment of the national security system in the United States. The second is authority. The national security system in today's countries has established the highest security decision-making body, led primarily by heads of State or Government. The National Security Council of the United States, the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the British Defence and Overseas Policy Committee, is the command and control centre of its national security system and the highest security policy-making body, the statutory body that coordinates the national security strategy and makes decisions on factors that threaten the security interests of the country, and has Make the most authoritative decisions. Third, dynamic. The internal and external security environment is the focus point and starting point of the national security system construction, while the internal and external security environment of each country is constantly changing, and the threat is constantly changing, which makes the national security system of the countries necessarily dynamic.

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The basic composition of the Western national security institutions is the same, but the specific composition of national security institutions is different. The main structure of national security system consists of two parts: the national security decision-making mechanism and the national security Implementation Mechanism, the former is the most core part of the national security system, and the decision-making and implementation of the National Defense security, internal security, information security and other major issues; The latter is the specific decision-making that is responsible for implementing the national security decision-making department.

The specific composition of national security institutions varies from country to state. The national security agencies in the United States mainly include five aspects: decision-making bodies, coordinating bodies, executive agencies, advisory bodies and oversight bodies. Among them, the decision-making body and the Executive Body are the core and the backbone part, the coordinating body, the advisory body and the supervisory body are the subsidiary parts, the main task is to ensure the decision-making organization's scientific and effective decision-making to ensure the execution of the agency's fast, speedy, reasonable and efficient The British national security system mainly divides into the decision-making body and the Executive Body two parts, comparatively concise. In contrast to the United States coordination agencies, the United Kingdom coordinating bodies and decision-making agencies are parallel and unified.

The National Security Council of Britain undertakes the overall security responsibility of the State, directs the handling of all security issues, coordinates the actions of the government departments in the face of security threats, and enhances the overall security risk prevention and emergency disposal capability. The Russian National Security Council, chaired by the President, includes the Prime minister, the Federal Security secretary, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Minister of Defence, the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of State for emergencies, and the National Security Council is a multi-party coordinating body responsible for the consideration of important national and social security

The Western national security system model emphasizes the role and value of the president or head of government in the national security maintenance, but the emphasis of the countries is not exactly the same. The U.S. national security system is the "strong president" of the national security model, with the President as the core, with the National Security Council as the center, the CIA, the State Department, the Ministry of Defense, the White House office, the White House Situation Room to collaborate with the comprehensive system. The National Security Council, directly led by the president, is the private national security think-tank of the President of the United States, rather than the legal executive branch, and therefore does not need to be subject to congressional hearings or other forms of scrutiny.

Russia's national security system is the "grand President" of the National security model, the Russian president than the President of the United States has a broader power, it is not only the head of state and the army commander, but also master the legislative power. The president directly leads the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Emergency Affairs, the Foreign Office, the Foreign Intelligence Service, the Federal Security Agency and the federal Government Communications and intelligence Service, among other 7 powerful departments. The National Security Council, chaired by the Prime Minister, includes the Deputy Prime Minister, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Commonwealth, the Minister of the Interior, the Minister of Defence, the International development Minister and the Minister of Security, the national energy and Climate change minister, the head of the National Defence Staff The work of the Committee is fully responsible for the Prime minister.

The orderly operation of the national security system is inseparable from the corresponding coordinating body. The coordinating body of the U.S. National security system consists mainly of national security advisers and their directly-led National security offices. The functioning hub of the Russian national security system is the Secretary of the Security Council. The operational hub of the British national security system is the National Security Secretariat of the Cabinet Office. In the U.S. national security system, national security advisers play an important role in organizing, coordinating and assisting decision-making.

In Russia's national security system, the Security Council Secretary plays an important organizational and coordinating role. The Russian Security Council model is directly appointed by the President and directly accountable to the President. The Secretary of the Security Council is responsible not only for the organization of the work plan of the security Conference, the agenda, the preparation of the meeting, but also for coordination with the federal State authorities and the state authorities of the federal body in the preparation and implementation of the national security response. In the national security system of the United Kingdom, the National Security Secretariat of the Cabinet Office is the liaison and coordination hub of all the security enforcement agencies, undertakes the agenda of the National Security Council, the security information submitted by the relevant Cabinet departments, evaluates the various security threats faced by the British government, and coordinates the cross-sectoral security work Evaluate the work of the relevant departments, guide the work of 5 departments, and undertake other tasks assigned by the National Security Committee.

At present, China is in a critical period of development and a sensitive period of security, opportunities and challenges coexist. At such a specific stage, it is difficult to coordinate the internal and external interests, maintain the national security and internal social stability. Thus, in November 2013, the 18-ninth plenary decided to establish a National Security Council to improve national security and national security strategies to ensure national security.

As far as the construction of national security system is concerned, the national security system of foreign countries, especially the major powers of the world, is more mature, and it is the stone of the national security system construction in China, which can be used for reference. One is to draw on the establishment and operation mode of the national security system, and strengthen the design of the top level of our country's national security system construction.

Generally speaking, the national security system in foreign countries is based on the national Security Law, which is set up at the core of the National Security Committee. The National Security Council is responsible for the top-level design of the national security system. The United States National Security Council is a stable and efficient joint military, diplomatic, internal affairs, intelligence and other institutions to assist the President to deal with major security threats at home and abroad, to deal with the emergency of the framework of the integration System. The National Security Council is to make the key departments in the United States in front of the "big things" to break the barriers, to achieve rapid interoperability, enhance the state apparatus reaction efficiency of the adhesive.

The national security system of the United States is centred on the National Security Council. Specifically, the basic power allocation of the national security system includes two parts: the decision-making body and the Executive Body, the power of the decision-making organs is undoubtedly the most important and the biggest, the decision-making body is the highest level institution that decides the national security problem, and the spire of the complex decision-making system The United States national security system is composed of the President and the National Security Council system, the United States National Security Council system by the National Security Council, the National Security Council Ministerial Committee, the National Security Council Deputy Ministerial Committee, the interdepartmental Policy committee.

January 24, 2014, the Politburo held a meeting to determine the Central State Security Council, decided to set up Xi Jinping as chairman of the Central State Security Committee, Li Keqiang, vice chairman of Zhang Dejiang, under the Standing Committee and members of a number of members, generally including foreign affairs of the State Council Deputy Prime Minister or councilor, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the Hong Kong and Macao office, the overseas, the press office, as well as propaganda, ILD Ministers, senior general Staff, etc.

As the Central Committee for decision-making and coordination of national security work, the National Security Council is responsible to the Politburo and the Standing Committee of the Politburo to co-ordinate and coordinate major issues and important tasks related to national security. At present, the basic framework of China's national security institutional decision-making organs has been established, but how to run the National Security Committee scientifically and efficiently is still needed to be further explored. For example, our country originally has the Ministry of National Security, how to regulate the relationship between the NSA and the Ministry of Homeland, and then, how to make the National Security Council to operate efficiently and so on. With regard to the operation of the National Security Council, we can learn from the experience of the United States and the United Kingdom to decompose the National Security Council into several subsystems, set up corresponding security issues and convene security meetings at corresponding levels according to the needs of the national security situation.

The second is to make reference to the operation experience of central system in the national security decision-making, and to enhance the scientificity and system of our national security decision.

The decision-making of the U.S. National security system consists of the President and the National Security Council system. At the national security policy level, the president is at the top of the decision-making level. It is noteworthy that the National Security Advisor plays the role of bridge and link in the decision-making process. The basic process of national security decision-making in the United States is to convene National Security Council meetings, ministerial committee meetings and so on according to the president's proposal and directives, coordinated by the National Security Advisor Organization. The meeting is fully discussed on issues related to national security, and the National Security Office collects and collates the views of all parties.

After the summary, the President of the National Security Adviser, the outcome of the discussion to the President. The president has signed a document on national security issues, which is implemented by the Federal government agency. From the process of national security decision-making, the National Security Advisor has played a special role: The National Security Advisor manages the process of national security policy development in an all-round way, coordinating across departments and organizing meetings at all levels. The ministerial committee is chaired by the National security adviser. In this way, the responsibilities of the U.S. National Security Advisor include organizing, coordinating and summarizing the relevant departments on issues related to national security and making a statement to the president. The U.S. National Security Advisor, which connects the president with the U.S. National Security Council, plays a central role, directly related to the issue of U.S. national security, organization and convening of meetings, and the development of relevant security policies.

As our national Security Council has just been established, the national security decision-making body has been established. But the specific operation of the national security decision-making body is still under exploration. We can imitate the United States and other countries, establishment of a relevant coordinating body as a central system; the establishment of a national security advisor similar to that of the United States or similar to the U.S. National Security Office in the day-to-day office, the above-mentioned positions or institutions directly under the leadership of the President of the Central National Security Council, responsible for coordinating intelligence, military, foreign affairs, National security institutions and departments, such as public security, to set issues, policy-making, convening meetings and so on.

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