Essay代写：Participation of social organizations in global governance－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Participation of social organizations in global governance，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了社会组织参与全球治理。社会组织参与全球治理有效推动了人类社会进步，不仅能够促进国际秩序朝着公正合理的方向发展，而且也是促进经济发展的重要力量，对全球经济复苏、缩小发展中国家与发达国家的贫富差距具有明显的促进作用。

The participation of social organizations in global governance has effectively promoted the progress of human society. The participation of social organizations in global governance can not only promote the development of international order in a fair and reasonable direction, but also an important force to promote economic development, which has a significant effect on the global economic recovery, narrowing the gap between rich and poor in developing countries and developed countries, and has effectively promoted the progress of human society. Social organizations promote the development of global politics towards equitable democratization. As an important force to promote the pluralism of world politics, social organizations can effectively make up the many deficiencies of government-country participation in global governance and realize the pluralism of global governance subject. The impact of social organizations on sovereign States. On the one hand, it can properly share the public responsibility of the Government, actively maintain the international image of the country, and actively expand the exchange and cooperation of the country.

For example, social organizations can provide targeted social benefits for the poor and narrow the gap between rich and poor, "the participation of local non-governmental organizations enhances the operational performance and sustainable development of the World Bank's financial projects, and can bring many innovative ideas and solutions to local problems." On the other hand, social organizations can urge sovereign countries to assume more public functions. It uses professional knowledge to effectively assess the relevant functions of the Government, through the supervision of public opinion, third-party assessment reports and other means of "accountability" to the sovereign state, prompting the government to carry out more public responsibility. The selection of the target of global governance, the operation of governance mechanism, the realization of governance results, the improvement of governance performance and the feedback of social organizations have the advantage of other subjects. Of course, the social organization, as an informal institutional arrangement of global governance, often awakens the "moral conscience" of the other participants by appealing and demonstrating itself, and plays "moral restraint" rather than coercive constraint.

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Lack of accountability in some social organizations. The corruption of some non-governmental organizations has become a tool to enrich the minority, and it is difficult to play its due role. The democratic accountability of social organizations should be strengthened from the perspective of donors, social organizations and three stakeholders in the community, thus achieving good governance in global governance. Some of the non-governmental organizations have a strong ideological character, reduced to subversion of other countries ' power tools. For example, some social organizations in the United States take "human rights" and "democracy" as slogans, and engage in political activities in countries such as Central Asia, which has become an important carrier of the American so-called "democracy" and "freedom", which has harmed the international reputation of the social organization and has influenced its play. The participation of social organizations in global governance increases the cost and difficulty of reaching governance consensus. The pluralistic governance subjects have their own different values and interests, which means that the cost of reaching consensus will increase and the capacity of collective action will be reduced by 6.

In China, people are ambivalent about the role that social organizations play in global governance. As in the area of global climate negotiations, Chinese citizens recognize the positive role that social organization representatives can play in the global climate change negotiations, as members of social organizations are involved in negotiations that will enhance the transparency and representativeness of the negotiations and the negotiating skills and expertise of the delegation. On the other hand, as a negotiator, the public is more inclined to agree that the delegation is composed of members of government organizations and does not include social organizations and does not undermine the evaluation of negotiations. The apparent paradox is that, for professional international affairs such as climate negotiations, the public should be appointed to show a high degree of certainty and trust in the Chinese government's ability. There is scepticism about the possible substantive impact of social organizations, fearing that social organizations hold narrow organizational interests and disregard the overall interests of the State. In short, this reveals both the positive role that popular social organizations can play in the negotiation process, and the public's understanding of the 7 of efforts made by these social organizations to improve climate change.

There are three main reasons why social organizations can play a role in global governance. The public problem of global governance is increasing gradually. Since the the 1980s, ecological protection, disaster mitigation and relief, poverty alleviation and other global public affairs beyond the boundaries of sovereign countries have brought many challenges, and civil society organizations with public character have obvious advantages in solving this kind of public problem involving multiple interests. Social organizations own the advantages of public welfare, professional knowledge, as well as flexibility, low bureaucracy, fast decision-making mechanisms, so that it has international influence. Internet and other High-tech development. Communication technologies such as the Internet have broken the boundaries of traditional sovereign states, removed information barriers, enhanced the international influence of social organizations, and have enabled social organizations to intervene in global problems and provide effective solutions. At the same time, we should fully recognize that while social organizations can play an active role in global governance, it is not a substitute for the dominance of sovereign states in global governance. The sovereign State remains the only core institution in the global governance that legally uses power to safeguard the effective implementation of the various governance elements. Social organizations have not yet had broad legitimacy and effective implementation capacity and motivation.

So far "global governance" is still a controversial concept. It is generally agreed that global governance means that, in the absence of a world government, States, intergovernmental international organizations and civil society organizations, through equal negotiation and consultation, weigh the multilateral interests and synthesize the international rules or mechanisms of a self-regulatory nature established to address various global public problems. The connotation of global governance is embodied in five key words, such as equality, democracy, cooperation, responsibility and rules. Equality is the foundation of global Governance, democracy is its value concept, cooperation is its main way of implementation, responsibility. From the perspective of global governance, the participation of social organizations in global governance focuses on the following topics.

Global governance requires the participation of social organizations because of the non-exclusive nature of global public goods such as ecological issues and development issues, and the shortage of "hitchhiker". "In a sense, one of the core issues of global governance is how to coordinate the different interests of various actors to provide global public goods as much as possible in the case of inadequate supply of public goods." However, the current global governance system as a means of distribution of global public power, the western developed countries dominate, the developing countries in the marginal position. With the gradual deepening of globalization, the increase of global public affairs and the growth of developing countries, the global governance system needs to be updated and perfected. Developing countries and the growing civil society organizations are important forces in the reform of the global governance system.

However, the existing value concept, governance objectives and implementation tools of the global governance system restrict the participation of social organizations. Specifically, human rights, democracy and justice are recognized values in the current global governance system. There is no objection to this concept of value from a universal standpoint, but it is difficult to understand and explain the gap in the consensus of every country and organization. This gap has transformed global governance into meaningless shells, and the participation of social organizations in developing countries is hard to find value support. The establishment of a multi-level governance rule system, led by developed countries and active participation by developing countries and social organizations, is the goal of current global governance. This is in conflict with the goal of equal democratic participation by various actors in developing countries, such as China, to form a governance rule system. This reasonable claim is even understood by developed countries as a challenge to the existing world governance order. This inconsistency in governance objectives is a constraint to the participation of developing countries and civil society organizations in global governance. Global governance tools can be divided into policy tools and material tools. Policy instruments include regulations, policies and so on, while material tools are the concrete material means of governance. The former is mainly the dominant collective security mechanism established after World War II, which is mainly capital. At present, social organizations do not provide new tools for global governance, but are unwilling to accept existing governance tools, which is also an obstacle to the participation of social organizations in global governance. The form of global governance is the governance of global public problems, in essence, the distribution of global power. The global governance system is the cure of it, it must reflect the distribution of national power at the global level. To a large extent, the current global governance order has the power politics and the imperialist color, which contradicts the viewpoints of the dialogue, equality and centrality of the world doctrine advocated in Chinese culture. The participation of social organizations in global governance needs to take into account the differences in ideas and to seek consensus on value concepts.

The participation of social organizations in global governance needs to cooperate with the main bodies of diversified governance to achieve their goals. Scholars have paid attention to the problem of network cooperation among governance subjects, namely, the cooperative network relationship between the social organizations, the social organizations and the United Nations and other inter-governmental organizations, social organizations and sovereign States.

The role of an alliance is to develop or coordinate, as far as possible, the common positions of the parties. Social organizations are involved in global governance through the Joint formation of transnational initiative networks. The network of initiatives consists of a variety of social organizations that are based on a common ethic or value in the world, exchanging information and helping each other through shared values and common discourse. They lobbied and exerted pressure on sovereign states to monitor State behaviour, thus affecting the decision-making and action of sovereign States. Alliance members share an overall value concept, but the national social organizations involved in the alliance must be held accountable for their fundraising and action plans. The premise of the effective work of the alliance is to create cohesion among the various social organizations, to have strong leadership, to coordinate the actions of the member organizations, and to weigh the relationship between the authority of the Alliance headquarters and the autonomy of the various social organizations.

Chinese social organizations should form alliances to participate in global governance. Social organizations should form alliances to participate in global governance, which is the inevitable choice to promote the participation of Chinese social organizations in global governance, and also the need to assist the Government in foreign aid and overseas work, and to promote the development of Chinese social organizations. The current alliance has the dilemma of legality, capital, self-development and governance. The Chinese social organization participates in the Alliance to be able to achieve, takes the demand-oriented classified priority development strategy, optimizes the complementary strategy with the ability promotion as the goal, enhances the satisfaction degree as the goal localization strategy. Therefore, we need to improve the relevant specific policies, such as perfecting the legal policy, building a stable public relations network, broadening the source of funds, strengthening the internal construction of the Alliance, the implementation of effective supervision and evaluation.

The interaction between social organizations and the United Nations in global governance is an indispensable partner. On the one hand, the United Nations is an important platform for social organizations to participate in global governance. "The United Nations has become an observatory for assessing the effectiveness of the operation of non-governmental organizations." "The Charter of the United Nations and resolution 1296th adopted by the United Nations Economic and Social Council make it clear that non-governmental organizations may enjoy the consultative status of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, including general consultative status, special consultative status and roster status." At present, the admittance system of social organizations to intergovernmental international organizations needs to be improved. For example, the shortcomings of the United Nations Economic and Social Council on access systems for social organizations are: the admittance conditions of social organizations in different countries are different, the access conditions of social organizations in developed countries are low, and the access conditions of developing countries are high; the procedure of applying for consultative status is complicated, long time, and the political inclination is obvious;

Neo-realism argues that the increase in the number of international governmental institutions and civil society organizations has not changed the way that sovereign countries dominate global governance, and that social organizations need to work actively with sovereign States to play a greater role in global governance. Because of the differences in the power of social organizations and sovereign States, they have different roles in cooperation. "If the power of the state is seen as authoritative, then the power of an international organization is primarily a diffuse power, and it does not rely on mandatory orders, but mainly through the shaping of common morals and values and common interests." "Then, the inevitable condition that social organizations can influence sovereign States is credibility." There are two theoretical interpretations of this credibility. Rationalism argues that the reason why social organizations have to exert influence is because the state considers it to be in its own interests to follow the advice of social organizations, whose actions conform to the logic of consequence. Constructivism argues that the legitimacy of social organizations encourages the State to cooperate with it and that its actions conform to the logic of appropriateness. Although both interpretations concern the source of social organization power, its ontology is different. The former focuses on the dimension of matter, while the latter is heavier than the canonical dimension.

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