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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Byzantine painting，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了拜占庭细密画。拜占庭细密画是一种精细刻画的小型绘画，在中世纪的欧洲十分盛行，这是一种属于皇室贵族和接近“神”的人才能享受和欣赏的艺术，它也不像油画、雕塑等属于完全独立的画种，细密画是属于书籍和一些刊物中的插图，有时也把细密画用作是珍贵首饰、象牙摆件，绘画题材包括风景、肖像、风俗故事等，有些类似于现在的插画艺术。

The category of close painting is very unfamiliar to many people, it belongs to the more important part of Byzantine art, in short, the Byzantine painting is a kind of fine-grained painting, which includes paper, sheepskin, ivory, plank and so on. The unique artistic style of Byzantine paintings is of great significance to the development of many kinds of art.

The Byzantine painting is a fine depiction of a small painting, in medieval Europe is very prevalent, this is a royal nobility and close to "God" talent can enjoy and enjoy the art, it is not like oil painting, sculpture, etc. belong to a completely independent painting, close painting is a book and some publications in the illustrations, Sometimes it is also used as a precious jewelry, ivory ornaments, painting themes including landscapes, portraits, customs stories, etc., some similar to the present art of illustration.

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It was not a form of art that appeared in medieval Byzantium, according to historians, the detailed painting originated in Africa, the existing fine paintings first found in more than 3,000 years ago in ancient Egypt, the pharaoh buried in the product, in the funerary volume of this style of illustrations, this is considered to be the earliest fine painting works. From the earliest fine paintings appeared to the medieval Byzantine prosperity, meticulous painting has been developing, in ancient Greece and Rome, although there has been a period of popularity, but because there is less space to play, the development of meticulous painting has been a relatively small crowd.

The Eastern Empire, the Byzantine Empire that was often said in art history, the ancient Greek city, so in the Byzantine Empire period of all the arts have obvious traces of the Greek, especially the early development of Byzantine painting, painting wind has a very strong traces of Greek, including the characterization of characters also have this feature. With the disintegration of the Roman Empire, the development of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire went far in a very different direction, and the Western Roman Empire suffered a "barbarian" invasion, and the fine ancient Greek and Roman art was destroyed, but the Eastern Roman Empire came to the Byzantine region, due to the ease of attack The Eastern Roman Empire basically inherited the ancient Greek and Roman art of the rigorous, simple features, the former culture and art retained. Constantinople as the capital of the Byzantine Empire, is a complex cultural background and rich cultural experience of the city, on the one hand, it has a strong classical taste, on the other hand, actively absorb the spirit of Islam and from the ancient Oriental mystery, which for the fine painting in Byzantium to obtain a new artistic style laid the foundation.

The Byzantine Empire was a major transport barrier across Europe, Asia and Africa, and because of its political and economic strength, it became one of the most important economic centers in the world and became a major exporter of business and art. Many countries have seen the fine paintings of the Byzantine Empire, so much so that they have custom-made books and works of art, which flourished in such a positive atmosphere. Byzantine paintings have two sizes of size, large-scale paintings are similar to murals or large mosaic paintings, such works in the dissemination of a certain limitations, the development is not popular, and small fine painting is completely different, it can exist in books, Ivory box, jewelry box or small print, this kind of works easy to carry, Easy to transport to all parts of the world, all these reasons are close painting in this period swept the world.

The classical style, which was popular and used in the Middle Ages, was different from the ancient Greco-Roman period, and it has evolved into a style that is a spiritual example of the art culture of ancient Greek and Roman times. The classical style of Byzantine painting is a classical style but with the ancient Greek and Roman period completely different spiritual connotations of art. Its artistic language features include: first, emphasizing the characteristics of realism. The image of the figure is more realistic, with visual sense of the entity, this way of expression so that the characters in the screen has a lofty and great image, in addition, but also pay more attention to the realism of color, good at using color to shape the image, the color of simple in the noble, lifelike figure. Second, pay attention to the expression of space sense. In the forced story or scene of the screen, the three-dimensional space is particularly important, which not only inherited the traditional characteristics of classicism, but also to the creators of greater play space, the image of the characters and backgrounds of the nearly large and small basic perspective relationship is also very clear. Third, scientific. When the Byzantine paintings were drawn, they followed the scientific proportions, anatomical features, perspective principles and color relationships of the ancient Greek and Roman dynasties, although these theories had not yet become complete systems, but the observation methods of this initiative were very rational.

The oriental characteristic of Byzantine style is a very important part of Byzantine art style, and it can be said that Byzantine art is the result of blending of eastern and Western art. Its characteristics are: first, emphasize the planar two-dimensional feeling. This two-dimensional art treatment technique is mainly used in religious icon painting themes, this style of painting is relatively few paintings of natural landscape, the performance of the characters is also a relatively flat, giving people the feeling is far from the reality of the image, this situation on the one hand by religious and political dual influence and demand, on the other hand, is influenced by the art style of mosaic painting Secondly, focus on symbolic meaning and abstraction. This is also in the works of religious subjects than more see, abandon the original physical feeling, the image of the people to deal with the relatively withered, this is the time to draw religious painting patterns, used to express the spirit of religion. Again is the emphasis on decorative performance. Because of the object of the service is noble, so in some oriental style of the meticulous painting appeared a lot of decorative works, the work of colorful, flower and bird plants have become patterned to enhance decorative effect, some works are to add gold foil to the screen, so that works more magnificent.

Stylized not only in Byzantine paintings, throughout the medieval art genre, stylized is one of the most important features, in the religious portrait of the more obvious, the appearance of the characters are sacred but also withered and unchanging, this stylized artists are no longer artists, but painter, According to the theology of the subject, character posture and other requirements, painter with the same shape to paint up. Of course, not every artist has been imprisoned into a painter, some artists under the cover of the stylized to find the artistic taste of freehand brushwork, this kind of freehand taste also makes the programmatic performance under the rules have a different taste.

The appearance of early fine-grained paintings is illustrated in the middle of the Bible manuscripts, this is because the society can read and literacy is relatively few people, the church's people spread religion in addition to the mouth of the explanation, it needs to find a poor people can accept and understand the way, intuitive visual arts at this time played a role, On the one hand is to rely on the form of religious sculpture spread, on the other hand is dependent on painting, especially in the form of meticulous painting of the biblical story. The biblical story drawn by the meticulous painting relies mainly on two mediums, one is the paper products, the other is the board products, the scope of paper products is very wide, not simply the meaning of modern paper, but including animal skin, plant fiber paper, cocoon paper and so on material, the limitations of these materials will determine the size of the relatively small painting, In order to make the painting full of biblical stories spread down, the craftsmen in the material processing also more attentively, so that materials become more substantial, has a better durability. The small, detailed painting is an important way for the church to spread the teachings, and the Biblical codex is one of the most widely circulated books, and it serves the Christian. At the end of 3rd century AD, the great Diodosi of the Roman Empire, the second year proclaimed Christianity as the state religion, with the support of the government, Christianity prevailed, followed by a surge of Christians, the Christian people from all walks of life in the country, the degree of education is very different, only by the original religious rituals, The morality of word of mouth has not been able to meet the huge amount of Christians, and hand-painted drawings are popular when they appear. It appears to be the original monotonous Guzhuo of the hand-written scriptures to become more perfect, not only to draw some biblical stories, fine paintings are also used as decorative paintings appear in the Bible manuscript, in the slightly distorted text around the formation of some beautiful decorative patterns, although it looks very beautiful, But actually it takes a couple of months or even months of Kung fu, and the conditions dictate that the Bible transcripts cannot be printed, and that each is painted by painters. The characters in the picture are elegant, dynamic and natural, with a smooth pen, a variety of composition styles, in addition to the spread of Christianity means, or art in the long river of treasures.

As a relatively rare part of Byzantine art, Byzantine painting has played a very important role in the position of Byzantine art in the Long River of world art, and it has very positive significance for us to examine and study Byzantine art from a new angle. Through the spread of religion, Byzantine paintings have enriched and developed the artistic and artistic styles of the surrounding countries, the fine art of Byzantine painting as Christianity is more accurate, the spread of the Orthodox Church affects the surrounding countries and regions, so that the spread of fine-grained paintings spreads throughout the region, and this influence expands geographically to Western Europe, Persia and the Far East have joined in the development of their own artistic styles, and have grown and prospered.

Not only that, its influence on the later Renaissance art is also obvious, whether it is the processing of the character costumes or graphic layout and decoration have a clear Byzantine painting shadow, the late meticulous painting appeared a very obvious humanism style, the screen simple, This style can be said to have a deep impact on the style of early Renaissance. In the influence of time not only in the early Renaissance, some people studied that the works of modern famous painter Klimt were deeply influenced by Byzantine paintings, and in his works both the character's handling and the change of costume have the shadow of Byzantine painting.

On the painting technique, the combination of egg whites and pigments has a great enlightening effect on the later painting technology and even the formation of oil painting. Studies have shown that the painting on the plate is evolved from Byzantine paintings, because Byzantine paintings added egg whites as a modifier in the painting process, especially in the cortex, and later the technique evolved into an independent work or painted on the bottom of the material, which is the technique of Tempe. And the painting of the temple is the predecessor of oil paintings, so the calculation, if there is no Byzantine paintings of prosperity and a variety of materials to try, there is no Tempe, no oil painting.

From a religious point of view, the spread of the Orthodox Church is inseparable from the meticulous painting, assuming that there is no detailed painting, at least at the rate of transmission and public acceptability will be greatly reduced, which hinders the spread of religion, and now retained the Byzantine heyday of the meticulous paintings, It is also a very meaningful historical material for modern people to study the religious and social situations in Byzantine times.

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