想必留学生们都经历过在快要due的时候赶论文吧,这个时候就非常考验大家的写作效率了。英文写作水平比较高的同学可能就会从容很多,而英语底子差的同学,可能就悲剧了。其实,如何在有限的时间内写出高分Essay也是一门学问,下面就给大家讲解一下。
Step 1:理清题目要求
1. 准备好assignment criteria,通读3-5遍,把tutor的重点要求标红!加粗!
2. 对选题有想法以后,找出题目和要求中反复出现的key words,复制粘贴到google / NU search里,看看别人对于这些话题都是怎么考量的,是否有足够的理论基础或是research gap供你研究。
3. 做完一些literature review后,有条件的同学可以在office hour找老师聊聊思路,特别是自己选题的同学哦~
http://www.51due.net/online-tutoring/writing-skills/sample32087.html
Step 2:开始写主体部分吧
“什么?不写Introduction吗?你仿佛是在逗我?”
“要不然嘞?你居然要给一篇并不存在的文章写introduction吗?”
划重点!不要先写introduction!不要先写introduction!不要先写introduction!在文章整体内容都大致出来以后,introduction写起来就是分分钟的事了。
Main body不论是分为几个段落,每个段落大致的结构都是一样的。可以先根据5句话原则列出outline再写,刚开始写的时候为了效率不必太深究细节,之后可以再根据需求扩展内容,用上连接词,让逻辑更加清晰。
1. 第1句:Topic sentence
为了和前文有良好衔接,可以用以下连接词开头:
Despite / Apart from + phrase, it appears that...
Similarly / Furthermore / Additionally / In addition,
Although... / On the contrary / Different from...
2. 第2-3句:Example
For example / For instance / such as / including / ... in particular都是大家很熟悉的连接词了。除了这些,我们还可以用上 Another important way to...is to... / ...is an inllustration这样的结构。
3. 第3-4句:Explaination
这个部分是用于解释之前提出的例子,或者根据research gap提出你的新观点并加以解释。
In other words / In this case / For this reason...
不必拘泥于句子数量,这部分可以根据需求进行扩充,但注意要在example的基础上引伸。
4. 第5句:Conclusion
注意总结观点,并且和上下文呼应哦。可以用上Therefore / Thus / In this way / As a result, ....
一起conclude吧
这一部分没有必要再提出新观点或者citation了,但是不能照抄上文句子,而是要rewrite来总结。
1. 第1句:Summary of the theme
Based on the analysis above / From the review of the current literature + the conclusion can be drawn out that / it can be seen that...
2. 第2-3句:Limitation
Although this essay explains..., there are some limitations that... / ude to...constraints, it cannot provide a comprehensive review of...
The present research explore the effects of..., it is less concerned about...
3. 第4-5句:Link to further research
Thus, further studies can pay more attention to... / there is a scope for further studies which...
回到introduction吧
房子的地基和内部都盖好啦,现在你只需要把外墙装潢好就大功告成了。外墙的好坏一定程度上决定了别人是否有兴趣走进去欣赏你的房子。
1. 第1句:Background
翻看reading,总结一下前人都研究了什么。
The past two decades saw the increasing interest in...
Studies over the past few decades have provided important information on...
2. 第2句:Define the key terms
为你涉及到的核心问题或是核心方法下个定义。
While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this paper will use the definition proposed by XX (2000) who regarded it as...
As XX (2000) suggested, X is a...
3. 第3句:Importance or reasons for choosing the topic
说说这个topic或是method在某一领域的地位,
In the development of..., X has been considered as a key factor of...
或者结合research gap谈原因
Despite its long success, X has a problem in use that...
Although extensive research has been carried out on X, there is no study concerns...
4. 第4句:Statement
联系上文提出你自己的观点或是research question。
Thus, this essay will focus on...
Therefore, the main issues addressed in this paper are 1)... and 2)...
5. 第5句:Brief description of the methodology
This essay will adopt... / will combine X approach and Y approach to analyse...
X approach is used in the data analysis
6. 第6句:Brief description of the structure
This paper first gives the literature review of the...of X. Then, the methodology used for this study is introduced in detail. The final part is concerned with... / focuses on the three aspects that...
Cite them RIGHT!
接下来就是让许多人头疼的reference & citation问题啦。要特别注意一下criteria里有没有对引用文献个数的要求,还有格式是要求Harvard还是APA。此外,还要注意引用文献的类型,是网站,是期刊,还是书籍等等。切记:不要引用wiki pedia的话哦。
下面特别列出大家比较confused的二次引用问题,citation可以有这么几种写法:
(Kerr, 1968, as cited in Decan, 1988).
Kerr (1968, as cited in Decan, 1988)…
Decan (1988) cited Kerr (1968) as finding...
以上就是关于Essay写作的讲解,建议没什么信心的同学们还是多花时间去准备论文,这样就不用赶了。
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