Paper代写：The influence of Culture on speech act－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The influence of Culture on speech act，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了文化对言语行为的影响。文化语境，又叫语用共同体，它对言语行为形成一种自上而下的设定。它先要设定言语互动的方式，比如模式、形态、原则等因素。之后再设定会话参与者个人的行动。而在不同的权势关系上，言语行为的可磋商度也是由文化设定的。

Language is the product of civilization, therefore, in pragmatic activities, the specificity of verbal events not only includes specific situations, but also includes specific culture or specific culture from a deeper level. For language learners and users, learning a foreign language does not just mean mastering words and grammar, but understanding the culture of the target language country.

Gang, a famous cultural linguistics scholar, expounds the causes and ways of setting up speech act concretely, and he thinks that the cultural setting of speech act is mainly embodied in three aspects: the setting of cultural context of speech act, the setting of cultural function of speech act, and the setting of cultural affinity of speech act.

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The first aspect is the cultural context, also called the pragmatic community, which forms a top-down setting for speech acts. It must first set the way of verbal interaction, such as patterns, forms, principles and other factors. Then set the session participant's individual action. In the cultural context, morality, statutes, power, etiquette, emotions can all constitute the conditions of interpersonal interaction. In the case of power relations, the setting of specific behavior mainly includes the order of behavior, tolerance, negotiation and negotiation mode. For example, in the formal communication occasions, when the high people do not stand, subordinates are not easy to position. From the perspective of tolerance, the power of the people of the lower power of dissent and speech in the tolerance of the same. But in different power relations, the negotiation degree of Speech Act is also set by culture. In the culture of Democratic politics, the possession of power is not eternal, but dynamic, so the power in specific context can change with the change of one's identity, knowledge and experience. This means that the interaction of power between the verbal actors has greater scope for consultation. People can generally gain the advantage of power through the continuous process of conversation, so that the behavior of the intention to become reasonable and possible. In addition, the cultural setting of the language's gender is also an aspect of the context of Speech act culture. The cultural context can set the roles of different sex participants in the conversation, set the behavior categories of different genders, and set up the behavior patterns of the participants of different genders.

The second aspect of Speech act culture is the cultural function setting of the response mode. The so-called response mode, refers to the interaction of the specific speech acts of the response characteristics of the general name. The cultural setting that violates the way of response can cause different levels of disgust and even contempt. For example, the Chinese culture of modesty is a virtue, if the face of other people's praise and complacent, it will undoubtedly arouse the resentment of others. In the English language users, if the face of other people's praise blindly denied, it will be considered a lack of self-confidence. The setting of speech act by culture can also be embodied by the function setting of some preference categories. Speech act must take the initiative to bear its cultural function: cultural maintenance, cultural consolidation, cultural restructuring, cultural renewal. In other words, language is not only a heritage of culture, it reflects, embodies and undertakes a new cultural phenomenon, even to a certain extent, change the way people think, change the characteristics of the times. For example, the rise of the vernacular in the Chinese new Culture movement, the Renaissance English overthrew the Latin written language status, absorbed and digested a large vocabulary of loanwords, in the development of a more standardized spelling method.

The cultural affinity setting of speech Act is the third aspect of culture's setting of speech act. Cultural affinity can not only be embodied in speech act, but also be consolidated and enhanced through verbal interaction. Therefore, cultural affinity is rooted in the core beliefs of the culture of the individual consciousness. In the specific cultural context, through similar behavior, the speaker first gives the hearer a good impression, and through the specific mutually beneficial behavior, altruistic behavior to maintain, consolidate and enhance mutual trust and emotional attachment, so as to achieve mutual close effect. It is hard to guarantee the fluency and effectiveness of this communication if we are always communicating with the language users from another culture in a way that we have established in our culture.

In a word, because of the social and cultural characteristics of speech act, the social and cultural contexts in which speech acts occur and the social and cultural identification of the participants in speech Acts make the speech act interfere with various social and cultural variables in the specific context, especially in cross-cultural communication, thus affecting the realization of speech act. Therefore, speech act is not only a very complicated language, but also a harmonious process of social and cultural relations. Among the many factors that influence learners ' pragmatic competence, the lack of cultural knowledge is a very important factor. If we want to overcome the obstacles of Speech act communication, we must strengthen the accumulation and awareness of individual cultural knowledge.

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