下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The concept of the death of Toby,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了托氏死亡观。如果说托尔斯泰的一生都在痛苦地思索着生命的意义,那么这种思考与他对死亡的沉思和领悟是分不开的。由于托尔斯泰本人的生活经历,死亡问题从童年起就走进了作家的灵魂,并让他一生感到不安。所以,体验死亡便成了托尔斯泰创作过程中的重要主题。在托尔斯泰的作品中可以看到死亡问题以其最原本的形式被提出来。一开始,死亡问题只是作为作品的一个侧面,并不占主要地位。
Death as one of the most basic characteristics of life, used to express the end of a person's life and the end of the cycle of organisms. Since ancient times, various cultural and artistic forms have been trying to explore the relationship between life and death. The description of death in ancient Greek culture is more a manifestation of the horror of human death to foil the beauty of the real world. The art of Death, which is preached by Christianity, eliminates the fear of death, advocates the redemption of human beings from "death", and thus opens the death mood which is different from the ancient Greek culture in the face of "death" in Western literature which is infiltrated by the spirit of Christ. Tolstoy, the great realist writer of Russia, known as the "Death Poet", began a long journey of death exploration during the period of the Renaissance of the European existentialism in the 19th century, the revival of Russian thought, the multi-level relationship between life and death, existence and existence, spirit and meat. As Fu said: No writer in the history of Western literature can hardly find such a writer, as he feared death, nor did a writer dream of death, gaze upon death, and try his best to transcend death.
To figure out what is death, first of all to understand the reverse meaning of death-life. Existentialism has always believed that there are two kinds of life in the objective world: one is animal life, the other is human life. Animal life only constitutes a human body, it in the whole life process of human being constantly lost, and finally ended in death, so it is alive and dead. Human life is an organic combination of animal life and God's life, it will not disappear with the death of human body, its concrete embodiment is the divinity of man, therefore, only the divine Life is immortal.
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For human beings, the existence of human beings is realized in the transcendental consciousness higher than the consciousness of existence, and the transcendence of consciousness makes human life become real life. All other possibilities that transcend consciousness manifest are replaceable, and thus the life of those who are manifested by transcendental consciousness can be substituted. It can be seen that death is a substitute for life, or that the transcendence of life is death. In turn, life is only a variant of death, making it possible to exist in death. First of all, the transcendence of consciousness to show death, that is, the consciousness of death, and secondly, beyond the consciousness of people in death, in the reincarnation of life and death. "Human existence in death" does not mean that the existence of human beings is an end of existence, but refers to the development and maintenance of the possibility of death, or death as their own possibility to expand and maintain, and through this possibility to understand their own existence. The relative existence of life and death, and the irreplaceable nature of death, allow religious existentialism to take death as a possibility and to immerse itself in the possibility of death to comprehend and understand one's existence, advance into death "or" go first to death ". All these constitute the meaning of life and death in the perspective of religious existentialism, and play down the boundary between life and death, and also provide theoretical basis for Tolstoy's idea of death and his "eternal life". For If we die with Christ, we will live with him. For knowing that Christ was raised from the dead, he ceased to die, and his death ceased to be his lord. He died to sin, only once; he lived to live to God. In this way, you will see that you are dead to sin, and to God in Christ Jesus, but to see that you are alive. ”
"If Tolstoy's life is a painful reflection of the meaning of life, then this thinking is inseparable from his contemplation and understanding of death." Though not every death or contemplation of death can bring about an ' epiphany ' in his writings. Therefore, death as a writer's life to think and explore the object into many of his works. From personal experience of death, perception of death to understanding of death, the writer has carried on countless death trips with his own dead hero. With the writer's footsteps we slowly saw the writer's view of death.
Because of his life experience, the problem of death has entered the writer's soul since childhood and disturbed him all his life. So, experience death becomes the important theme in Tolstoy's creation process: the parents ' double death, the elder brother's death, the daughter's premature all went into the support's creation about the dead. The formation and development of the concept of death have gone through three stages, which is basically consistent with the several transformations of his own creation period and his religious philosophy. The first stage, the early feelings of death, description of death, that is, the emergence of the consciousness of death. This is reflected in "childhood", "Kholstomer", "Caucasus", "Sevastopol story" and other works. The second stage, the mid-term boundary death, is the extension of the consciousness of death. The representative works are "confessions", "What are my Beliefs" and "Anna Kalenina". The third stage is the most important, is to understand the death and death consciousness sublimation stage, and stressed the great connection with the concept of life. The representative works is the classical death literature "three Dead", "Ivan's Death" "The Master and the servant". This shows that the formation of the concept of death has undergone a period of initiation, development and maturity, from the perceptual gradually to rational. The essence of the concept of the death of the writer is the author himself to the essence of death, summed up there are mainly three points. First, death is unavoidable, this is the only way for everyone, because people are always going to die, second, death is meaningless, because for civilized people, death is a meaningless event, and third, death can be regenerated, because death is the beginning of life, reincarnation of life, the death of the body to show the resurrection of the soul, Beyond death, toward eternal life. In the following series of works we can feel the writer's profound thinking about death.
In Tolstoy's writings, the problem of death can be seen in its most original form. At first, the problem of death was only one aspect of the work, not the main position. As in the novella "Childhood" in the perspective of the protagonist Nikolai typical description of the death of the mother: "Only then I understand why there is such a strong smell, the smell and smell of incense mixed together, filled the room." I think, a few days ago also filled with a beautiful and gentle face, in this world my favorite face, let me feel afraid, as if for the first time for me to reveal the true meaning of pain and filled with the heart of despair. The writer described in detail the state of her mother's deathbed and how she cared for her husband and children in the last few minutes. Next, the writer describes the death of the maid, Natalie Yas Savisna. She lived her life honestly, not afraid of death, but regarded death as a pleasure. In childhood we really see Natalie's supreme truth beyond death over life. Here Natalie is not only a very special positive in his works, but also a symbol of the highest truth. After the death of his loved ones, Tolstoy portrayed the death scenes in the "Sevastopol story" and "the Caucasus story". The work is a more profound exposition of Tolstoy's earlier views on war, peace, survival and death. The 16 death hangings that were witnessed in the streets of France in 1857 have had a huge impact on writers. 1866 writer failed to protect a soldier who was sentenced to death for beating his boss. Later, the law allowed public killings to be more infuriating to writers. After that, Tolstoy began to think about the meaning of life and the relationship between birth and death. If in the previous creation, life and death is only one side of the work, then now has become the most important, the most basic theme, death has become the work of the quickest inevitable outcome. As the thinking of death and the description of the scene of death, the writer feels more and more strongly about the anxiety and fear of death: "I can neither give my own actions nor give my life a reasonable explanation." What makes me wonder is why I didn't understand it at first. Though all this has long been known. One day sickness and death will befall my family and myself, and nothing but stink and poker will remain. No matter what kind of career I have, people will forget it sooner or later, and eventually forget me. So why keep busy? Conscious of the irreplaceable nature of death, writers have set themselves a goal: must find something that is not controlled by death, and must continue to live. The novel "Karenina" embodies this fundamental change of the writer's artistic thinking. "The novel constructs in the human existence the most basic desire power and the process, the driving plot is the life instinct demand." Here, the basic desires of life are shown in the form of fiction without disguise. With the emergence of the above thought, the writer realizes the false of the physical happiness, and thinks that the rational life of human is not the life of the body, but the phenomenon of hyper-space-time. Therefore, life itself does not die, death is the beginning of life, so there is "eternal life" said. For example: When his daughter died, he was very calm, because he felt the death of the body and the beginning of a new life. The writer is convinced that, as long as the human life is meaningful, it will continue to exist after the death of the body, to ascend into heaven in the salvation of God Christ and to join with God, so that he will be truly immortal. Inspired by the idea of immortality, the writer began to create the theme of awakening. Tolstoy's understanding of the nature of death, the death of consciousness, the commitment to death and eventual transcendence of death are presented in the three works of "war and Peace", "Death of Ivan" and "Master and servant" through three distinct protagonists in their respective inner activities in death.
In the novel War and Peace, the writer shaped the image of a fine noble intellectual, Prince Andrey. The work focuses on Prince Andrey's search for and discovery of the meaning of life, especially to describe the psychological process of death to the provisional protagonist. "Before the last death, he was thinking about the problems he had been thinking about-life and death," he says. Thought more of was dead. He thought he was closer to death ... Love hinders death. Love is life. In a word, all I know, I know, just because I love. Andre finally found the meaning of life is love, is God, which ultimately defeated the death: "Love is God, and death, means that I love the small particles back to universal, eternal origin." Prince Andrey's hopes for personal happiness are peeling off. He sees the world in a whole new light, sees the people around him, and becomes a preacher of the gospel. For he felt strongly that his gospel was not for the living, but for the dead. Until his death, Prince Andrey was in an increasingly expansive state of alienation. The description of Andre's death became the author's study of the process of death. In the author's writings, "The hero's death finally gained a simple and solemn mysterious color." This mysterious color seems to be incomprehensible to earthly beings. In the works, the writer expresses the hero's fear before death, the great power of defeating death, and the light feeling of victory over death, which explains the awakening theme of death when he finally wakes up.
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