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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The music culture of the Renaissance，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了文艺复兴时期的音乐文化。文艺复兴时期的文化，对欧洲音乐发展起到了巨大的推动作用。在这种思潮的影响下，出现了欧洲世俗专业文化空前的旋律，其形成了新的音乐风格，产生了器乐体裁和歌剧，发展了其音乐理论，这种空前的繁荣和发展是在不断斗争中取得的。

The background of the "Renaissance" is that capitalist production relations were born in the feudal society at that time. The new bourgeoisie should oppose the spiritual dictatorship and rule of the church. At that time, the powerful feudal church in Europe ruled all fields of thought and culture, while the bourgeoisie produced new ideas and culture, which urged liberation from the rule of the church. This new thought is fundamentally opposed to the old one: medieval churches promoted scholasticism, asceticism and theology. The new thought of Renaissance advocates human wisdom, love for life and trust in human power The thought of "humanism", literature and art in the Renaissance, satirizes the church bitterly. It requires the reflection of real life, affirmation of personality, personal emotion and personal creation. This new progressive thought provided superior conditions for the prosperity of literature and art in European countries at that time.

Under the influence of this "humanism", Italy, France, Germany, Britain and Spain have witnessed unprecedented literary and artistic prosperity, forming their respective classical literary and artistic traditions. Leonardo Da Vinci, durer, Machiavelli, Luther and other great figures emerged. And these giants are not, in any case, people who cling to the limits of bourgeois views. On the contrary, they are more or less equipped with the spirit of brave adventurers unique to them at that time, and this spirit of adventure has the function of enlightening and enlightening the development of thought and art in the future.

Renaissance thought also played an important role in the development of music in Europe. It is under the influence of this ideological trend that unprecedented melodies of European secular professional culture emerge: a new music style is formed, instrumental genres and operas are produced, and music theory is developed. But this unprecedented prosperity and development has been achieved through constant struggle. From the "new art" of the 14th century to the emergence of opera at the end of the 16th century, progressive musicians have been constantly fighting against the church power, the scholasticism triviality and the craftsmanship tendency of the scholasticism in artistic creation methods.

Under the influence of Renaissance thought, music, which was the "new art" of France and Italy in the 14th century, was the earliest produced under the influence of Renaissance thought. This kind of "new art" was in essence the music art of France and Italy in the early Renaissance. "New art" this kind of music art is gradually developed on the basis of secular citizens music and "troubadours". At the time, the music cultural center in France was in Paris. Italy's music cultural center is in Florence. The main writers in France are mayon, chiles, cordier, etc. Italy's main writers are landini, giovanni, girardelo and so on. In their works, they mainly reflect some new thoughts and feelings liberated from the church consciousness and simply reproduce the external reality. New feelings and new themes have determined their new ways of expression. The length of the work has been gradually expanded, the songs in multiple parts have gradually matured, the melody has become more and more rich in personality, the feeling and consciousness of harmony have also been gradually formed, and music theory has gradually gained an important position. There are also breakthroughs in the technique of works, such as short timings or free melodies, new polyphonic techniques, etc.

In the fifteenth century a powerful musical faction formed in the Netherlands. Western Europe and the Netherlands have extensive culture system, it absorbs the advantages of the culture of Britain, France and Italy, developed their own unique culture, which in turn affect the culture of the Western Europe at that time, the Netherlands music culture has the Netherlands art at the time that on the one hand, very lively, very beautiful, on the other hand, some of the medieval heritage mechanical special style. The writing techniques of secular music and religious music have developed to a high level of professionalism, but at the same time, there is a tendency to regard artistic techniques as an industrial technology to develop. In the fifteenth century, the representative writers of the nederland school were: duffy, wowham and joeshang. They often travel around the world, serving the courts of princes and nobles or the chapels of the great cities of Europe.

The music culture in Renaissance Germany is closely related to the religious reform movement in Germany. Of course, it was the protestant hymn that came into being directly under the influence of the reformation and served the reformation movement directly. These hymns were far more important than the religious music at that time. Religious reform and the protestant hymn were the result of Martin Luther's leadership and efforts. Luther collaborated with the musicians around him in the writing of the protestant hymn. Change from Latin to German, and music is required for all believers to understand. The sources of these protestant hymns increased considerably, and most of them were selected from popular folk songs. Most of these new hymns have clear and understandable main melody, and most of them move the main melody to the high-pitched part, and gradually cater to the actual needs, getting rid of the old polyphonic choral tradition, forming a concise and easy to understand protestant hymns special style.

In the 16th century, in addition to Germany, other European countries also had religious reform movements. The reform of all religions music took place not only in Germany but also in Germany. For example, the protestant hymns of France, Netherlands and Switzerland.

Although the protestant hymn was popular in the sixteenth century, some composers, whether in Germany or France, continued to write in accordance with the tradition of the netherlandish polyphonic music. The most creative composers are often characterized by two styles.

In addition, "famous singers" played an important role in German civic culture in the 16th century. However, they have followed the "tradition" of creation technology since the 14th century, and their works are mostly limited to rules and regulations and lack originality. Except for Hans sachs.

The most developed genre in France in the sixteenth century was ballad. This kind of polyglot ballad has the theme of extreme light, but the related characteristics: that is, it requires to reflect life in detail and depict life. Composers like to depict markets, wars, nature... in this genre And so on. In the course of development, it gradually becomes more lyrical and poetic. Famous writers include croton, selmi, clementine, Gaston, etc.

The Italian pastoral of the sixteenth century is not directly related to the pastoral of the fourteenth century; It is a new genre, rich in content and free in form. It starts with lyric themes and gradually adds elements of description and modeling. Later in the last decade of the sixteenth century, the techniques of expression became more and more abundant. In terms of drama, it prepared for the later drama music.

At the end of the Renaissance, the Catholic church believed that the music, which was sung at mass at that time, could only satisfy the desire for hearing, not the need for "reason". Because the content of music is often irrelevant to religious beliefs. Therefore, at the religious conference of lun lun, the religious law conference was decided: "the mass must be accompanied by clear and far appropriate choral songs, such as the music with flowers or the organ music, the materials must come from the holy songs and hymns, and all secular tunes must not be used." This reactionary action produced a very talented composer named palestina. It was called "the savior of religion music". The mature works of palestina reflect the new development of music culture in Western Europe during the Renaissance under the rule of the reactionary church. His music style is calm and symmetrical, clear and harmonious, expressing a kind of lofty poetic sentiment. In his music, there was joy and sorrow, but he avoided the dramatic expression of emotional impulse, and expressed it in the language of quiet poetry. But it is a language of approachability, not of myth.

During the Renaissance, Venice, like Florence, was the most developed place for music in Italy. Especially in the second half of the 16th century, the music culture in Venice reached an advanced level. Music plays an important role in daily life, festivals, festivals and anniversaries in Venice. At that time, the church of Venice also had its own unique style of music.

In the second half of the sixteenth century, the most important composer of the nederland school was aldo di lasso. His art embodies the spirit of humanism in the Renaissance. He tried to depict the people and life at that time through music. His music performance method was both highly professional and easy to understand. He wrote many religious music's, such as mass, sutras, but also many secular music's, such as German and French ballads, Italian viranella and pastoral songs.

In the late Renaissance period, even in the 16th century, European instrumental music was gradually released from the accompaniment of singing and dancing, and was fully developed, such as lute and organ music.

The music theory of the Renaissance was greatly developed with the prosperity of science and literature. At that time, there were many outstanding music theorists in various countries, who were engaged in the scientific research of music aesthetics, rhythm science, tonics, counterpoint science and musicology and other fields, and made great achievements. Such as France's philippe DE vitelli, Netherlands' music theorists dinktoris, Switzerland's grelian, Venice's charino and so on.

In short, the Renaissance, as Engels put it, was "a glorious transformation of the greatest progress mankind has ever experienced, a need for giants, and the creation of giants -- giants in thought, passion and sentiment, and in versatility and scholarship." It is an unprecedented all-round reform under the influence of the "humanist" ideological trend of the progress of the bourgeoisie. In the field of music, it laid the foundation for the continuous appearance of the immortal music giants in the later period and created the revolutionary thinking for the rapid development of music in Europe.

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