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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- U.S. trade policy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的贸易政策。美国次贷危机引发的全球金融风暴对世界经济有着非常强烈的冲击作用，而美国也制定了新的贸易政策来应对。美国政府重新审视和修订北美自由贸易协定，美国哥伦比亚自由贸易协定和美国韩国自由贸易协定，另外为了推动产业回流，美国还取消把业务转移到海外的美国公司所享税务优惠，促使那些公司把业务回流美国，以保证国内就业岗位。

In the past 2008, the global financial storm triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States still has an impact on the world economy, and many countries are deeply affected by it, trying to find their own countermeasures and solutions. Against this global backdrop, the top priority for us democratic candidate barack Obama after his election will undoubtedly be to boost the us economy hit by the financial storm. Reuters says the Obama administration's trade policies will focus on domestic needs and downplay globalization. For this reason, the Obama administration will re-examine and revise the north American free trade agreement, the United States Colombia free trade agreement, the United States Korea free trade agreement; Pushing for reshoring means eliminating tax incentives for U.S. companies that move their operations overseas, prompting those companies to bring their operations back to the U.S. to keep jobs at home. But the biggest concern is the "buy American" provisions seen as protectionist. The house of representatives, for example, tends to require more than 100,000 homeland security officials to buy American clothing. And, although not included in the house stimulus package, some lawmakers still prefer to invest only in American technology companies the $20 billion spent on computerising medical records. These policies have raised the alarm and concern of the international community.

There are, of course, good reasons for the administration to review trade policy. One big reason is America's huge trade deficit over the years. In the wake of the financial crisis, the U.S. government aggressively bailed out the market. The house and senate approved the Obama administration's $787 billion economic rescue package on February 13. That means huge financial costs. The White House spending plan would add up to about $10 trillion in the U.S. government deficit over the next 10 years, republicans said, citing congressional budget office figures. Faced with such a large fiscal deficit, the us government will certainly actively reverse the trade deficit, make up the trade gap and increase the foreign exchange reserve to solve the difficulties to some extent. On the other hand, new trade policies should act as a short-term boost to exports and curb imports. But it is worth pondering whether the us administration's trade policy is necessary and whether its effects will be as expected.

First, the us trade deficit is an inevitable consequence of economic globalization. With the further strengthening of the economic ties of all countries in the world, according to the theory of comparative advantage trade by ricardo, all countries should adjust their industrial structure and specialization. As the world's superpower, the United States has the largest number of multinational corporations, accounting for more than one third of the world's top 500. It has an absolute advantage in the production of high-end technical products, even in some low value-added products. However, developing countries have a comparative advantage because their cheap raw materials and labor force make the opportunity cost of producing some low value-added products lower than that of developed countries. In order to save costs and gain more profits, domestic manufacturers in the United States will naturally transfer low-value-added products to developing countries or invest directly in developing countries. Two views can be drawn from the international division of labor: a lot of developing countries export low value-added products, and a small amount of U.S. exports of high-tech products, so that developing countries made the trade surplus, the United States out of the trade deficit, doesn't mean position of developing countries in trade, instead of the United States to occupy the advantageous position. Multinational companies return products made in developing countries to the United States for sale, and the profits generated remain in the United States. This kind of domestic trade is also included in the statistics. It is worth considering whether the developing countries will still be in the trade surplus if this part is removed. The above analysis shows that the trade deficit of the United States is structural, but due to the different level of economic development, its dominant position has not been shown. This situation will gradually change with the world's increasing demands on science and technology and energy environment.

Second, some trade policies adopted by the United States may affect the development of its own economy. Of course, "buy American goods" can reduce the import, increase the production activity of domestic enterprises and thus increase the supply, so that more domestic people can temporarily obtain jobs and solve one of the goals of the national macro-control "full employment". However, those products whose production cost is significantly higher than abroad are also produced at home, which not only results in waste of resources, but also significantly higher than the world price of the products. Domestic residents will pay more dollars to consume this type of domestic product, and the consumer surplus will be less than before, that is, consumers will enjoy fewer benefits. In line with government policies, domestic residents are likely to reduce their demand at a given income level. As a result, domestic supply in the United States will be relatively excessive, product overstocking, resulting in the loss of production efficiency and consumption efficiency, and people who may temporarily gain jobs will be unemployed again. In this case, the "buy American" policy is not a preconceived notion that "buy American makes the citizen unable to make full use of the dollar, but gives them the dollar". Not only the government's goal has not been achieved, but also the domestic market itself will be damaged by the situation of supply and demand imbalance, the effective allocation of resources cannot be realized, which will cause more losses. There are two sides to the policy of "promoting industrial backflow". On the one hand, it can increase the domestic work, improve the level of employment, but on the other hand back American industry will also face a relatively high price of labor force, in the domestic production of products the price will be higher than the price of the original production in developing countries, lack of competitiveness in the international market, the enterprise sales, profits will be reduced. In this way, the enterprise not only loses the overseas market that has been developed previously, but also lacks the power and financial support to expand the production scale and actively develop new products and new technologies. It is clearly not rational to sacrifice one side for the other. It will cost American multinationals dearly.

Finally, America's new trade policy will increase international trade friction. As the trend of economic globalization strengthens, the economic relations among countries in the world become closer and more integral. Changes in economic policy in any country can have an impact on other countries. And what about a big economy like the United States that has enough impact on world prices? The "buy American" policy aimed at reversing the trade deficit is bound to have a negative impact on its trading partners. As its imports decrease, it will cause another country to reduce its exports for a certain period, resulting in a contraction of its export industry. This is a significant blow to developing countries that rely on exports of low value-added products. The policy of "promoting industrial reflux" in the United States will also have adverse effects on the unsound industrial structure and countries with high dependence on foreign capital. The withdrawal of foreign capital will cripple the country's economy as a whole. Of course, U.S. trade policies affect other countries and force them to respond. Other countries can erect trade barriers by imposing higher tariffs on goods with larger U.S. exports, increasing quotas, and so on, or by strengthening cooperation with other economies and countries in the world trade organization to jointly resist U.S. trade policies. As a result, the us has worsened its trading environment.

There is an old Chinese saying: "under the pouring nest, the yan has finished eggs." The financial crisis has been wide-ranging and far-reaching. Most of the world's countries are affected. Instead of seeking self-preservation, all countries should strengthen their ties with other countries and jointly respond to the crisis. In an open market economy, self-protection is a highly irresponsible practice. As a result, it will not only fail to achieve its own objectives, but also cause adverse effects on other countries. At a meeting of the group of seven leading western nations on February 14th, the fight against protectionism passed without objection from the United States. At a time when the world is ganging up on protectionism at home, America's trade policies are against the grain of great power. As the world's superpower, the United States should keep a long-term perspective and focus on the future in the crisis and actively cooperate with other countries to cope with the crisis. Instead of focusing only on the short-term interests of its own country, ignoring long-term goals and influencing other countries' policies. Governments must weigh the pros and cons when formulating policies, taking full account of the impact on their own countries as well as others. Only national unity can bring the world economy out of the shadow of the financial crisis.

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