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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- American basic education curriculum standards，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国基础教育的课程标准。从20世纪80年代起，美国就对基础教育课程标准进行了30多年的改革，从最初的为改变教育质量而制定的课程标准到20世纪90年代制定全国性标准化的课程标准，最后到21世纪提出了关于提高所有学生学习成绩及培养高质量人才的日益成熟的教育标准，美国课程标准形成了可测性强、层级分明、多维度性等特点的基础教育课程标准。

The United States since the 1980 s to the elementary education curriculum standard for more than 30 years of reform, from the initial for change the quality of education and curriculum standard in the 1990 s to develop national standardized curriculum standard, finally to the 21st century put forward on how to improve all students' academic performance and training high quality talents of the increasingly mature education standards, the curriculum standard has formed the measurability of strong, clear, multi-dimensional characteristics such as level of basic education curriculum standard.

American educator, Frey ・ parker thinks, the standard is a level, it is the foundation of decision and judgment, and efforts in the field of complex a resolution on the basis of many elements. Curriculum standards are guidelines and standards dedicated to addressing core issues in the curriculum field. Therefore, curriculum standards are the guidance or basis for curriculum or teaching decisions. The education dictionary edited by gu mingyuan, a Chinese comparative educator, defines the curriculum standard as "the curriculum standard is the programmatic document to determine the curriculum level, curriculum structure and curriculum model of the school education at a certain stage". It can be seen that the development of curriculum standards can provide the judgment basis for all educators and help them judge what kind of curriculum, what kind of textbooks, what kind of evaluation methods, what education environment, etc. At the end of the 20th century, the United States launched a reform movement based on the basic curriculum standards. The achievement organization has established a very mature curriculum standard standard system, and it is very worthy of reference to evaluate and supervise the curriculum standards of the states for a long time.

In the 1980s, with the rapid development of science and technology, the level of productivity gradually increased, and the increasingly fierce international competition, the quality of education in the United States declined day by day. Therefore, the United States in the 1980s was an era full of sense of crisis. In 1983 the national high quality education committee published the state in crisis: education reform imperative. According to the report, education must be considered in the height that directly affects the international status of the United States and the success or failure of international competition, and the consensus of the whole society should be formed. People from all walks of life should participate in and support education undertaking and carry out fundamental reform of education system, namely "rebuilding the learning system" and "improving education quality". On the basis of education reform, the United States in 1989, in view of the low quality of basic education, released the "2061 project", puts forward some Suggestions about the unity of core curriculum guidance, emphasize the teaching focus on the most basic scientific knowledge, basic scientific knowledge requirements graduated from kindergarten to high school enrichment of 12 classes, each course requires comprehensive social science, natural science and mathematics, also asked the students basic skills training.

In the 1990s, with the rapid development of the American economy, a new feature of high economic growth rate and low unemployment rate has been formed. Curriculum reform mainly focuses on the formulation and reform of curriculum standards. Two presidents successively put forward educational reform plans. In 1991, President bush issued the United States 2000: education strategy, setting up national curriculum standards. In the third goal, "in 2000, students in grades 4, 8 and 12 should achieve qualified scores in the key subjects of English, mathematics, science, history and geography". In 1994, President Clinton drafted the 2000 goal: American education act, which compiled the education standards and national curriculum standards for primary and secondary schools based on the education national goal. The bill in order to improve the quality of primary and secondary school education, in inherits the ・ George Bush put forward on the basis of the national goal, is increasing the foreign language and the target three two core subject of art, to expand into seven core courses, the United States education curriculum standard reform since then stepped into rapid development orbit of standardization and normalization.

Into the 21st century, the United States government increasingly realize the importance of improving student achievement, in January 2002, President bush signed the "no child left behind act, to improve students' academic and school selection, annual examination, teachers' qualification and quality education, bilingual education and migration, read the first plan, education technology has made a more detailed problems such as specific provision, which reflects the government to improve the strength of American basic education quality standard and convenient mounting. With the development of science and technology. This policy not only greatly improved the quality of American teachers and trained a large number of high-quality talents for the United States, but also greatly improved the situation of education lagging in poor areas, and the standards of education curriculum in the United States were increasingly improved.

The American curriculum standards are detailed from two aspects: knowledge and skills. Knowledge is the foundation of curriculum design, including literacy, numeracy and information communication. Skills are the core of education curriculum standards, which refers to the abilities that qualified students should have, mainly to develop teaching plans for students of different stages and abilities; On the basis of existing knowledge, through learning, students can understand new knowledge and skills and achieve teaching objectives. At the same time create a good learning environment and supervision, evaluation and feedback skills. The education curriculum standards in the United States always combine knowledge and skills to avoid the phenomenon of neglecting one another. Considering the particularity of attitude and emotion education requires every school and teacher to give play to their enthusiasm and implement appropriate education for students according to their actual situation, so it is not necessary to restrict it as a common core curriculum. In addition, the hard-to-measure characteristics of attitude and emotional goals can greatly reduce the measurability of standards; At the same time, certain values reflected by attitudes and emotional goals conflict with the principle of "freedom, democracy and fairness" advocated by the United States. Therefore, the education curriculum standards in the United States have few regulations on students' attitudes and emotional goals.

From a vertical perspective, American curriculum standards can be divided into national curriculum standards, state curriculum standards and school district curriculum standards. National curriculum standards are not mandatory, and states can choose to adopt them or not. Most of the curriculum standards in each state are mandatory, and they are the subject of the education curriculum standards in the United States. The school district's curriculum standards are a secondary development of state standards, which can be better adapted to the actual situation of each school district.

Curriculum standards, whether national or state or school district, generally consist of content standards, performance standards and learning opportunities standards. Content standard is the requirement of basic knowledge and basic skills of students. Stipulate what students learn. In the content standard, the more general education objective is specified through the requirements of the thought and operational skills that students should master. Performance standards refer to "students' proficiency in standards of content." The learning opportunity standard is "the basic standard to measure the eligibility of education institutions at all levels in the education system, which provides resources and conditions for the national content standard or the state content standard. Although curriculum standards vary from state to state, in general, curriculum standards in most states are based on traditional subjects such as English, mathematics, foreign language geography, history, science, art, sociology, physical education, health, etc. To set standards according to grades or grades; It emphasizes the unification of traditional basic skills and advanced thinking ability.

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