Essay代写：The network bank－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The network bank，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了网络银行。自世界第一家网络银行开业以来，国际金融界掀起了一股网络银行风潮。这一金融创新正在彻底改变金融业和金融市场的形态，银行由实体化向虚拟化发展，金融服务的时空界限不再明显。网络银行在拓宽银行范围、提高金融效率的同时，也以其特殊的经营形式及风险特征，对传统的银行业监管提出了挑战。

It is a strategic goal for the development of China's financial industry to make use of the latest scientific and technological achievements, to establish the basis of the latest computer and communication technologies, to transform the backward banking operations in China, and to realize the electronic and networked finance. March 6, 1998; Bank of China provided online banking services to customers for the first time, and it was the first bank in China to offer online banking services. Subsequently, China merchants bank in shenzhen special zone also launched online banking services, and users could enjoy shopping and other financial services through online banking. By the end of 2001, more than 50 Chinese Banks had set up websites on the Internet, accounting for 27 percent of all existing Chinese Banks. Among them, all branches of citic industrial bank and shenzhen development bank have opened online banking, with the opening rate reaching 100%. Others: huaxia bank is 8896, construction bank is 33% and guangfa bank is 25%. By the end of 2001, online banking customers of domestic commercial Banks reached 1.66 million, with 9.01 million transactions, and the transaction amount was 234.46 billion yuan.

At present, the operation of network banking generally has three modes: one is the online banking which is completely based on the Internet. For example, America first network bank; the second is to establish an independent organization or department to operate the online banking business on the basis of traditional Banks. Third, we should allocate corresponding human and financial resources to expand the traditional banking business and innovative varieties to the Internet. At present, China's online banking mainly adopts the second mode. The third mode has not yet appeared online banking in a complete sense, that is to say, China's online banking business is still in the preliminary stage.

At present, China has established a separate supervision system for the banking, securities and insurance industries. As far as Banks are concerned, the people's bank has become the main body. The supervision system is based on the internal supervision of commercial Banks and supplemented by social supervision, but with the emergence and rapid development of network Banks. The connotation and mode of banking supervision are facing challenges.

Network bank is a high-tech and intelligent bank, and its impact on the traditional banking supervision platform is multifaceted. First, it destabilises financial markets. The development of network banking has not only changed the way Banks contact customers, but also changed the traditional way of banking services. Product promotion and transaction processing. This series of changes directly or indirectly accelerated the velocity of money circulation, the issuance and creation of electronic money, and the potential risk of financial market rise. Stability decreased. Second, challenge the regional regulatory model. Internet banking service is based on global customer service object, compared to traditional Banks, it is beyond the limits of set by branch and form of the service object area. And this is the competition of small and large Banks and further promote the integration of the global financial created the conditions, but also increased the difficulty of regulation, especially the impact on the regulation of the people's bank of China's regional model. Thirdly, relying on the Internet and computers, the network bank is not simply a transfer of existing banking services to the Internet. It is a product of the combination of financial innovation and technological innovation, and a new form of industrial organization and banking system. In April 2000, the people's bank of China issued "interim measures for online banking management", the requirements on a regular basis to the people's bank branches and regulatory departments and statistics departments to submit the online banking statistics of the basic situation, timely report to the regulatory authorities occurred in the process of online banking business events, these are off-site management means, to achieve the purpose of regulation in a timely manner. Even if they can be followed and supervised, they need a group of highly qualified managers and advanced technical equipment. It should be said that the regulatory authorities still have a big gap with the actual requirements. Therefore, on April 11, 2002, the "working group on the development and supervision of online banking" of the people's bank of China was formally established to adapt to the new regulatory situation.

The development of network technology breaks the professional division of traditional finance and blurs the boundary between banking industry, securities industry and insurance industry. Banks not only provide traditional banking services such as deposit, deposit, loan and settlement, but also provide investment, insurance and consultation. Comprehensive and all-round financial services such as financial derivatives. In particular, Banks can provide customers with "AAA" services that transcend time and space, depending on the needs of the market and customers. In this way, e-commerce not only overcomes the time and space limitations of traditional Banks, but also realizes the "cross-selling" of banking, securities and insurance businesses. This is not only a challenge to China's traditional banking business, but also the impact of the current separation of business management model.

Network Banks should not only face all kinds of risks of traditional banking industry, but also face network operation risks and technical risks of network software and hardware, and the latter will become the main risk form of network Banks in the short term. At present, the impact is mainly shown in three aspects: first, the risk evaluation system of commercial Banks is impacted, and the risk of traditional banking industry is mainly credit risk. Liquidity risk and interest rate risk, its internal risk control system is also built around these risks, such as the asset-liability ratio management system clearly stipulated and implemented by the people's bank law and the commercial bank law. The interim measures on the management of online banking business also stresses that "the existing risk supervision requirements of the people's bank of China for traditional banking business are still applicable for online banking business", but they fail to include operational risk into the risk evaluation system, so that the application of "proportional management" by commercial Banks cannot fully reflect their risk status. Second, network software and hardware technology risk. Network electronic trading requires a high degree of hardware and software to the network, the security and stability of the system is especially demanding, but from the actual situation, due to the "fragmented" on the hardware and software, for the branches system in our country under the outlets of the large Banks, on the one hand, can cause the waste of resources, on the other hand also the transactional risk due to system compatibility. Third, the impact on the original operating procedures. The original operating procedures are mainly the "face-to-face" banking service and business audit system, while the network Banks provide the "point-to-point", "interactive" remote service system, not only the operating procedures have significantly changed, but also the customer base has exceeded the regional or even the national limit. This new operating discipline will focus on at least two changes: on the one hand, operational technical enhancements; on the other, potential risks. On the other hand, the credibility of customers is difficult to identify effectively, which is also an important factor leading to the increase of operational risk.

In the traditional way to trade have legal effectiveness, signature of the original contract how to application in the electronic media, such as how to regulate the network bank provide virtual financial service, how to evaluate the service quality of the network bank, with the use of the network bank for financial crime behavior how to punish and sanctions, disputes occur in the form of electronic evidence after how to accepted by the court is in the operation of the network bank and problems to be solved. On 14 June 1996, the United Nations commission on international trade law adopted the model law on electronic commerce at its 29th annual session. The bill allows both parties to electronically transmit information, sign sales contracts and transfer ownership of goods, thus making previously unenforceable data messages as legally recognized as written documents. The global and national commercial electronic signatures act of June 2000, which came into effect in October 2000, provides a legal basis for the legality of electronic signatures for online transactions. Article 11 of the new contract law, which came into effect in October 1995, stipulates that "the written form refers to the form in which the contents of the contract, letter and data message can be physically represented". Although the new contract law recognizes the legal effect of electronic contracts, it still fails to solve the legitimacy problem of electronic signature that online Banks need to solve, and fails to clarify such issues as the definition of legal liability for disputes arising from the breakpoint in the transmission of information. At present, most of the rules adopted by China's network Banks are protocols without special laws and regulations. Therefore, when problems occur, they are usually resolved through arbitration. All this adds to the risk of online transactions between Banks and customers.

The people's bank of China should speed up the construction of information management system. According to the requirements of the "interim measures for online banking management", the commercial bank shall establish online banking information management system, the people's bank of China to dock with the commercial Banks to take this opportunity to develop information management system, the people's bank of China to deal with the network business of commercial Banks have a "key" regulation, namely the online wholesale business of commercial Banks give tracking supervision, for the retail business focuses on the developing direction of change. We will establish a unified regulatory model that focuses on the people's bank and serves the world. From the situation of foreign countries, "mixed operation" is the development trend, especially the development of network Banks will greatly speed up the process of "mixed operation" in China. Network bank currency form is electronic currency, it replaces the traditional cash and cheque payment tools such as, speed up the velocity of the Banks' capital, reduced the transaction cost, improve the operational efficiency of the capital, but the financial risk is due to the complexity of electronic currency circulation link and trading object generalized factors such as increased, especially the trading object generalized - with global customers as the service object, service species diversity and homogeneity, regulators are faced with the risk of escape controls. Innovative regulatory approaches. Traditional regulation may lead to the failure of effective implementation of online banking. Comprehensive supervision. Therefore, as a financial supervision authority, in addition to formulating targeted management methods, it should also speed up the pace of its own electronic construction and implement off-site monitoring by relying on advanced scientific and technological means to constantly adapt to new situations and new problems in financial supervision. While strengthening the management of market access, exit and market operation of network Banks, the CBRC should highlight the guidance of network banking business, help commercial Banks to constantly improve the self-discipline mechanism of the industry, and enable China's network banking business to develop in a better market environment.

We should fully consider the risks of online banking and strengthen the construction of an internal risk management system for commercial Banks. The unique operational risk and liquidity risk of network Banks should be an important part of the internal control system of commercial Banks. In this regard, appropriate risk weight can be designed according to the latest framework of Basel accord and the actual situation of China and the operational risk can be included in the risk evaluation system of commercial Banks for assessment. Build a solid operating platform. The stable operation platform is the guarantee for the safe operation of the bank, which mainly includes safety measures and internal communication. Make contingency plans, etc. The most prominent is how to strengthen and implement security measures. Security measures mainly include firewall, encryption, digital authentication and virus control, which are the guarantee for the safe operation of the system. In the short term, commercial Banks are required to increase investment. In the long term, commercial Banks should work closely with software suppliers. The key is the regular test and audit of the network operation system. In addition, improving the quality of employees should be implemented as a rolling system project.

In order to have a standard and clear legal environment for the development of network Banks, the CBRC and the legislature should pay close attention to the development of network Banks and their adverse effects on the financial industry. We will introduce relevant laws and regulations to maintain the safe operation of online Banks. For now, we should focus on two aspects of construction. On the one hand, it clearly defines the rights and obligations of all parties in electronic transactions to standardize and legalize the operation and safety management of security measures. The network bank is the electronic, the informationization product, it has provided the strong technical safeguard for the commercial bank's service innovation, has expanded the commercial bank's service space. In this regard, when the central bank regulates network Banks, it cannot ask them to cut their feet and apply the existing standards of supervision and regulation to conduct new business. Instead, it should take the initiative to study new situations and problems, adjust the monitoring rules and promote the healthy development of network Banks with the system. On the other hand, we will step up efforts to combat cyber crimes and safeguard the security of financial markets. Drawing on the practices of developed countries, we will formulate a special law to provide necessary legal guarantees for severely punishing criminals in accordance with the law by enhancing its pertinence, systematicness and operability. At the same time, China should strengthen communication and consultation with Interpol as well as the financial and judicial departments of all countries in the world, and formulate international treaties to jointly combat cyber financial crimes and control financial industry risk responsibility, so as to ensure the healthy development of China's cyber Banks.

We will improve the technical level of online finance and intensify the training of technical personnel. China's banking industry should speed up the introduction and development of advanced network technology. We will vigorously develop the three core technologies of online banking: Web technology, service platform technology, and security and confidentiality technology. In terms of hardware, we should strive to develop powerful servers, automatic teller machines with fingerprint identification function, smart money clips that can be written, and other advanced equipment. In terms of software, great efforts should be made to develop network security system, voice authentication system, electronic transfer system, smart card recognition system, management information system and other software system integration. On the one hand, China's banking industry must further increase investment in network technology introduction and research and development, and seize the commanding heights of new economy and new technology as soon as possible. On the other hand, we should actively cultivate high-quality talents to meet the development needs of network Banks. Among them, the most needed talents are senior management talents with strategic vision, science and technology talents with financial knowledge and strong mathematical and financial analysis ability. The construction of network bank needs a group of interdisciplinary high-level technical and managerial talents who not only master the computer science, network technology and communication technology, but also master the financial practice and management knowledge. Major commercial Banks should focus on the future and seriously consider the training channels and methods for these talents, so as to accumulate strength for enhancing the competitiveness of China's network Banks.

As the capital of network Banks grows larger and faster, higher requirements have been put forward for the coordination of national regulatory authorities. This requires our financial regulatory agencies to carry out frequent exchanges of information with foreign financial regulatory authorities, exchange network regulatory measures and strengthen regulatory cooperation.

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