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According to Constantine, “the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Constantine, 2016). The Temple of Jupiter Optimus is located in the Capitoline Hill in Rome, and it is regarded as the greatest religious temple of ancient Rome. As a matter of fact, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus looks very majestic, solemn, and attractive. As we all know, it has already been incorporated into the landscape of the world. In recent years, an increasing number of individuals from all over the world begin to travel to see the mysterious Temple of Jupiter Optimus. In this paper, I will mainly focus on discussing the basic information, creative process, function and importance of The Temple of Jupiter Optimus.

It was said that the Temple of Jupiter Optimus was completed in 509 BC, and located in Terracina in Italy (Davies, 2006). Most of the work on the building was completed by Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. The temple is located on a prominent rocky promontory, and the undulating sea provides a natural backdrop for the temple, setting it prominently on the coast a few miles from here. From the temple, people can see the magnificent landscape. The Temple of Jupiter Optimus is a world-famous standard religious building. At the same time, it is also a repository for objects of ritual, cultural, and political events. No one can deny the fact that the Temple of Jupiter Optimus has a very strong artistic, historical, or archaeological flavor. The reason why the Temple of Jupiter Optimus was created in that period is that there is a very thick religious belief atmosphere at that time. In the period of Rome expansion, religion was completed introduced into Rome. During the period of the Empire, personal demands for religion gradually increased (Macrae, 2013). During the reign of Augustus, the traditional religion of Rome was revived, and some ancient temples were rebuilt. Since then astrology and magic have already prevailed. As a matter of fact, no one can deny the fact that almost every citizen at that time is significantly crazy about religion because they firmly believe that religion can help them to get rid of poverty and pain. As we all know, the Romans are very free to provide some sacrifices to the god, and it is also possible to sacrifice or sacrifice a particular combination of gods in Rome. The Romans built the temple so as to meet their own demands of sacrifice. According to Giffard, from its earliest stages, the temple seems to be a site of religious, cultural and political significance. For instance, the sibylline oracles are put in the temple to memory the war. Moreover, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus is treated as the terminus of victory. It is also a place where the Senate meets are held. And it is very gorgeous position combining religion and politics. In a word, it is a remarkably supreme and sacred building in Rome. Obviously, the construction of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus is a symbol of a historical period. Thus, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus can better reflect the art history in Rome. A significant number of individuals research the Temple of Jupiter Optimus so as to better understand the art history of Rome.

Actually, the construction of the temple is a huge project. It has the roofs with steep slope, inherits the Roman ancestors’ architectural and decorative traditions, and begins to learn from the Greek style of architecture. The top of the arcade is built of concrete and masonry, with irregular walls of lime concrete rubble forming a natural network of decorative patterns that enhance the rustic quality of the stone. The temple of Jupiter makes people clearly feel the contribution that Rome made to the development of Greek architecture. It combines the purely decorative arch with the Greek column so as to become the logical structure of a building with strong practicability.

In general, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus has the religious function and meaning. Religion is a strict routine for the sake of the collective good. It is necessary to strictly observe the rituals of keeping the grace of God in order to achieve social prosperity, physical health, a bumper harvest of agriculture, and a victory in war. Actually, God is regarded as an abstract force, which can help people to get rid of poverty and pain and live a happier life. People at that time worshiped God and communicated with God through their hearts and they carried out heartfelt routines. According to Miller, Jupiter is the God that is in charge of the sky and weather (Ippolito, 2009). In addition, it also includes a large number of names of lower ranking gods that rule the smallest details of human life. In the sacrifice, gods are generally represented by statues of the Romans, and the ranks and relations of God are arranged in a purely Greek manner. These statues in the Temple of Jupiter Optimus are on behalf of the Roman gods, and they are the performance of the typical image in Greek mythology. Thus, the gods of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus are endowed with the characteristics of Greek religion and the story of Greek mythology. From the latter part of the Republic, especially during the imperial period, people tended to have more religious needs. As a matter of fact, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus is to cater for people’s religious demands at that time.

Lindsay says that the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is the first major temple built in the early city and the destination of Roman triumphs (Lindsay, 2010). The Temple of Jupiter Optimus has made a great contribution to the art history, archaeology, anthropology, or history in ancient Rome. The temple itself is an art work, so it plays an important role in studying art. It is also an important historic site, where archaeologists can carry out archaeological work. Through studying the temple, people not only understand art history, but also get more information about human activity at that time. No one can dispute the fact that the temple is the reflection of a certain historical period of Rome. In the modern world, a significant number of individuals travel to Rome to see the Temple of Jupiter Optimus in order to meet their Curiosities and explore this mysterious world-famous religious temple.

References

Constantine, A. O. (2016). Temple of jupiter optimus maximus. Classical Review, 57(1), 172-174.

Davies, P. J. E. (2006). Exploring the international arena: the tarquins' aspirations for the temple of jupiter optimus maximus. Carol C Mattusch, págs. Cornell University Press, 27(2), 186-189.

Ippolito, A. (2009). Modelling the wall surfaces of the temple of divine Claudius in Rome. Journal of Medieval History, 20(38), 76-85.

Lindsay, H. (2010). Vespasian and the city of rome: the centrality of the capitolium | nova. the university of newcastle's digital repository. Acta Classica, 53(1), 165-180.

Macrae, D. E. (2013). Religion in republican rome: rationalization and ritual change by jörg rüpke (review). American Journal of Philology, 134(3 (Whole Number 535)), 510-514.

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