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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- University administration in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的大学管理。大学最重要的产品不是科技专利，而是它培养出来的高素质毕业生，这是美国大学的教育核心理念，落实于学生培养的全过程。美国大学坚持好的教育是因人而异的教育理念。人的受教育程度并非越高越好，关键是要有针对性，教育要符合每个人的具体情况，对每个人能产生直接的帮助。

The United States is a powerful country of higher education in today's world. Many of its management concepts and experiences have been used for reference by China's higher education. However, in this process, due to the influence of various complex factors in cross-cultural communication, there are many paradoxical problems in people's learning and reference, or they only know some general judgments and few know the in-depth understanding and understanding of these judgments by American universities. Some even misread, some of the fundamental significance of the problem and the extension of the meaning of the problem side by side, resulting in the practice of fundamental significance of the problem is diluted; Some only see one side of the problem, but ignore the other side of the problem, resulting in the practice can not effectively curb some avoidable negative effects. For in-depth understanding of management and operation of the higher education in the United States and Beijing university of information science and technology in recent years the continuous organizational learning and understanding of the mechanism of higher education in the United States operation and management system of the overseas training, specific form for hire, the organization of education industry and related colleges and universities in the United States government regulators, the classroom teaching, communication, and the actual visit and access. The author attended Beijing university of information science and technology in 2012 in the United States at the university of Maryland school of higher education management training, listened to the council for higher education at the university of Maryland, Maryland, Georgetown university, ? George mason university, and the association of American university experts lecture and introduction, visit the clean energy center in Maryland and the eastern U.S. state of several famous universities, have a good feeling, clarified some long-standing misunderstanding, correct some specious problems, deepening the understanding and the understanding of some of the problems. Saw and heard here, the author try to according to the training, the appropriate combination of Beijing university of science and technology information before the training materials, to the American university in talents cultivation, scientific research, technology transfer, social services, and fundraising distinctive some brief introduction of the content of the comb, and slightly on the relevant questions to think, hope for higher education of our country further understanding and derive the beneficial experience of the American college of management, to improve China's university education levels have reference.

Talent training is the central work of universities, which is not recognized in the practice field and academic field of higher education in China, but in fact, the status of talent training center in Chinese universities is always affected by various factors. Among them, there are both cognitive and other reasons. American universities have a profound understanding of the important role of talent cultivation in school work, and the specific practices are also practical. They consciously implement them in a series of links such as teacher teaching, student learning, teaching organization and research activities, which are particularly worthy of in-depth study and reference by Chinese universities at present.

Students are the main body of the university, no students no university. The most important product of a university is not the patent of science and technology, but the high-quality graduates it produces. This is the core concept of American universities, which is implemented in the whole process of student cultivation.

Teaching is the main job of professors. "teaching first, scientific research second" is the unchangeable running idea of American universities. At the university of Maryland, professors must take two classes once a week and two hours once a week for 13-15 weeks of the semester. Before each semester begins, professors write detailed descriptions of the courses offered and upload them to the campus network for students to read. Its content includes course name, teaching hours, each teaching content, reading materials, requirements for reading reports, etc. In class, professors mainly organize student discussions and guide students to develop critical thinking. Teaching is the first duty of a professor. From the beginning to the end of a semester, the professor must guarantee that he/she will give lectures to students and cannot leave the teaching position at will. The research work is mainly carried out on holidays, and the teaching must not be affected by the research work. At other universities the authors visited, professors had similar teaching requirements to those at the university of Maryland. Teaching is deeply rooted in the hearts of American universities and their professors, who must first do a good job in teaching. In American colleges and universities, a decisive condition for the promotion of teachers' professional titles and tenure is that the applicant's teaching must be unanimously recognized by his colleagues and the students he teaches. No matter how good a teacher's other conditions are, as long as this condition is not met, there is no hope for his professional title promotion and tenure.

In Harvard University, take the mathematics class of the school of engineering as an example, the class is held three times a week for one hour, and another three discussions are organized for 2-3 hours each time. Students not only need to finish the homework, but also need to complete 8 research topics in one semester, and the research results need to be presented and presented in class. Psychology major of the university of Pennsylvania, postgraduate students should carefully read a large number of materials designated by the professor before each class. In class, students must actively speak on the basis of in-depth reading of materials, and write a 20-page academic paper to present to the professor and classmates in class. The graduation grade of this major course includes class discussion, research paper, class speech and presentation, etc., of which class speech and presentation score account for a large proportion. Generally, one speech and presentation score is equivalent to about three class discussion scores. At the university of Maryland and other universities, undergraduate students can take 4 to 5 courses per semester, each class to read, a professor at the specified amounts of material, usually is the last lesson must be read more than 9 hours of material, after about 5 page paper to write about book report, a course average writing book report 4 to 5 copies of peace to the class on display at the same time. All students can read the materials carefully before class, some even write a book report, strive for more opportunities to speak in class discussion and better quality of speech. Similar to the psychology major of the university of Pennsylvania, the undergraduate course scores of these schools mainly include class discussion, research paper, class speech and presentation, and class test, etc. Weak performance in any link will affect the final score. Although the nature of the course is different, the specific teaching methods and testing methods will have different characteristics, but to obtain course credits, students must pay all their efforts, the phenomenon of easy credit does not exist. This is one of the important reasons why undergraduates in American universities can only take 4-5 courses in a semester.

American universities adhere to the education concept that "good education is different from person to person". People's education degree is not the higher the better, the key is to be targeted, education should be in line with each person's specific situation, to each person can produce direct help. At the university of Maryland, the top 5% of students who enter the university will be guided by special teachers and divided into corresponding groups to conduct research work and train their ability of research, discovery and writing research reports. For the top 15% of students, the college adopts small classes, with more than 10 students in one class. Students can choose courses from different schools of the university to cultivate a broad horizon. On the basis of a wide range of elective courses, they can discover their interests and determine their professional direction. The top 20-30% of students are divided into different groups as soon as they enter the university to study their major and minor subjects. Scholar program is designed for outstanding students to stimulate their study, work and personal success. Scholar program provides undergraduate supplementary courses and other courses to meet the needs of IT students who already hold junior college or equivalent diploma. In some other similar to American universities to cultivate applied talents in our country, but also pay attention to the comprehensive knowledge base of students according to different preferences, interests, special skills and abilities, classification of teaching content, different students may choose to suit oneself to the content of the actual situation, such as some university mathematics curriculum can be divided into three levels, the lowest level equivalent to the level of high school mathematics in China, the intermediate is equivalent to the requirements of the college mathematics level in our country, the advanced mathematics demands is often higher than the current undergraduate mathematics. To stress is that the United States, a professor at the university of science and research environment, but the supervision over the use of scientific research funding is very strict, colleges, schools have personnel supervision, strictly control the financial department, but also by the government, funding for the strict supervision of research funding to submit an expense account, each invoice must ensure that all real, once fraud is found, the care of the whole academic reputation will be destroyed, from now on in academia. This powerful institutional deterrent ensures the high degree of integrity of American university professors and the high degree of purity of scientific research.

Promoting the transformation of scientific research results into actual productive forces and realizing the combination of production, education and research is an important part of China's strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, as well as the strategic orientation of China's university scientific research and development. At present, Chinese universities are trying to explore this aspect, but in general, there are still many problems to be solved, and the corresponding mechanism construction is relatively weak. American universities began to explore this aspect early, and have formed mature practices, which can provide a good reference for our country.

Take the university of Maryland for example. Before the 1980s, many scientific research patents of the university of Maryland could not go into the society in time and died by themselves. 1980 the U.S. federal government enacted the badu act. This act deals specifically with the relationship between the patentee and the patentee. In order to adapt to the legal system innovation of the government, the university of Maryland established the science park in time and started the industrialization process of scientific research achievements. At a time when the global economy is slowing and the government is spending less on universities because of lower taxes, the university of Maryland is stepping up its efforts to connect with businesses and transfer technology. The university plans to create 325 new businesses over the next five years. To achieve this goal, the university of Maryland has taken an important step: to design a tenured professor of the contract, on the premise of fix attention on academic level requirements, adding a new requirements, namely the development of intellectual property rights and have, concrete is one of the world's leading technical invention patent is equivalent to an important academic papers published. In the past, professors had no interest in obtaining invention patents. Now, obtaining invention patents has become a powerful driving force for scientific research.

To strengthen ties with businesses, the university of Maryland has turned its technology businesses into an international incubator, now home to more than 70 domestic and foreign companies. The university has set up a technology industrialization office, which is specially responsible for the entry of enterprises into the science and technology park. There are two types of enterprises in the science park: one is the enterprise registered by teachers in the school, and the other is the enterprise outside the school. The office of technology industrialization accepts enterprises to enter the park in three situations: for enterprises that can obviously make money, have strength and have a promising future, a small amount of entrance fee will be charged; For enterprises with no current strength but potential development prospects, a small fee will be charged after a period of operation in the park; For enterprises with no future and no way to make money, they refuse to enter the park. Currently, the university of Maryland generally has a ratio of 3:1 applicants to actual entrants. University scientific research are fundamental research, in order to promote enterprises to YuanHou of science and technology and the teacher the patentee effective cooperation, reduce the investment risk of the enterprise, improve the enthusiasm of enterprise investment, the university of Maryland to Maryland government every year to apply for a research funding, each project investment of $100000, led by a teacher two students for advanced research, after two years of time, research into corresponding patent products, enterprises and large-scale investment, implement the patent product of industrialization.

The profit distribution of enterprises in science and technology parks benefits three parties. A scientific research patent, through the school early stage hatching, the enterprise invests to realize industrialization, sell a product finally or whole enterprise sells after getting profit, undertake distributing between the enterprise and patent droit owner namely the university above all, the enterprise pays patent royalty to the school by contract agreement, the rest belongs to him control. The school allocates the patent royalty paid by the patentee with the patentee again. Generally speaking, the patentee receives about 50% of the patent royalty and the rest belongs to the school. Such profit distribution, not only to ensure the development of enterprise, school, fund raising, and ensure the teachers' income levels increase, greatly improve the economic status and social status of professor, professor in order to further stimulate the scientific research enthusiasm, to strengthen contact with enterprise, promoting transformation of scientific research achievements, serve the society directly provides an important power.

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