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本篇paper代写- The endgame讨论了艺术终结论。在现代化的进程中，我们生活的世界发生了深刻的变化，唯理性、唯技术不仅使人们的精神生活日益贫乏，使艺术存在的社会基础变得摇摇欲坠，更改变了艺术品在社会中的定位。未来艺术的发展难以预测，但艺术不会终结却是肯定的。一时代的艺术形态必将随时代的离去而消失，但艺术整体却不会终结，艺术始终是在否定之否定的规律中扬弃传统，发展自身。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

In 1817, Hegel put forward the "end of art conclusion" in Heidelberg's aesthetics speech. He had already made fragmentary remarks about the end of art, but he was the first person to talk about this issue from the perspective of philosophical theory. Hegel's "the end of art" should be understood from his philosophical consciousness, because this conclusion is derived from his theoretical system. At the same time, it must be noted that Hegel was dissatisfied with his era, and the encroachment of civil society on art threatened the survival of art. This also shows that Hegel's "art final conclusion" does not believe that art will disappear, but aims to state that it is inevitable for art to be transformed into philosophy.

In the era when Hegel put forward the "end of art conclusion", the practice of art in reality was flourishing. It can be seen that his so-called "end of art" is not the end of the reality of art, but indicates that art should transform to ideas and form a new art philosophy. In Hegel's view, "in its highest function, art is a thing of the past for us moderns. Therefore, it has lost its true reality and life, and can no longer maintain its former necessary and lofty status in reality. Maybe in the past people could know the world directly through art, but now art can no longer lead people to know the truth of the world, so art no longer has a high status, which is obviously to separate the absolute spirit from the real world.

In Hegel's theory of ideas, he divided the development of absolute spirit into three stages: art, religion and philosophy. These three are the ways and means of human understanding the absolute spirit, but only philosophy is the highest means of understanding the absolute spirit, is the highest form of the development of art, the end of art is essentially art gives way to philosophy. Hegel divided the development of world art into three types: symbolic art, classical art and romantic art. Beauty is the perceptual manifestation of ideas. In Hegel's mind, true art should achieve a high degree of unity between content and form. In Hegel's view, only classical art reached the perfect harmony of content and form, sensibility and absolute spirit. Symbolic art is the material transcendence of spirit, while the spiritual content of romantic art is beyond the material form. Further development will inevitably lead to the division between the spirit of the subject and the form of the object, which will also lead to the disintegration of art itself. Art must seek a higher form to survive, so art gives way to philosophy and gains logical rationality.

Returning to the social reality, Hegel believed that the art of his era could not meet the spirit of the era, which in turn inhibited the development of art. "Every work of art belongs to its time and its people, each with its own special circumstances, depending on its particular historical and other ideas and purposes." Times have changed, the art reflecting the spirit of The Times will also change, the end of an era will inevitably lead to the end of an era of art form. In Hegel's eyes, the most perfect classical ancient art is represented by ancient Greek sculpture, which shows the serenity and nobleness of god in the form of human beings, presenting the ideal spirit and revealing the awakening of human subject consciousness. This was in keeping with the spirit of the time of exploring the world and discovering oneself. Under the influence of the industrial wave, the civil society Hegel lived in emphasized rationality, while the romantic art represented by painting, music and poetry advocated the principle of subjectivity, focused on absolute inner life and emotional impulse, and took lyricism as its basic feature. The dislocation between time and art also became a powerful example of Hegel's "art's final conclusion", so he clearly pointed out that "art is really no longer able to meet the spiritual needs of the past era and the past nation found in art and can only be found in art... The general conditions of our times are not favorable to art.

Art, religion and philosophy belong to the category of ideology, but they have their own social functions. Hegel deprived the independence and self-discipline of art in his philosophical system. Although the ultimate inquiry, enlightenment is the responsibility of art is not shirkable, but lost the aesthetic art also lost the meaning of existence. Aesthetic nature determines that art has its unique nature and characteristics in both content and form, and also indicates that art cannot be separated from perceptual knowledge and perceptual form and become an absolute concept. Moreover, in combination with the reality, art has not disappeared due to the weakening of dependence on material materials. On the contrary, some modern art returns to symbolic relationship in terms of the relationship between content and form, which seems to be a "reproduction" of previous art forms, which indicates that the "art final conclusion" will not be fulfilled.

Arthur? Danto's "the end of art history" can be seen as a preview of the crisis of artistic self-discipline. After art history entered the modern field of vision, danto reconsidered "the end of art" on the basis of Hegel's "the end of art". Hegel would end by talking about art as a whole, danto about the history of art alone. In danto's view, the history of the development of art is the history of art's constant self-understanding and exploration of its essence, while the self-discipline of art dissolves itself from within and loses its direction of development.

Hegel believed that art had limitations in the expression of absolute spirit. However, with the development of art form from symbolic and ancient models to romantic ones, spiritual content greatly surpasses material materials, and art disintegrates itself and turns into philosophy by denying itself. But philosophy is still within the scope of history, so the history of art has no end, art has become a kind of alienated philosophy. Danto believes that art has achieved its ultimate goal in the 20th century. Art and history began to develop in different directions, and the history of art came to an end. "Perhaps history will continue in what I call a post-historical form, but its existence no longer has any historical significance. ... Is art going back to history, or is this state of destruction its future: a cultural entropy? As the concept of art is exhausted from within, any phenomenon that is to come will be meaningless. It can be seen that although Hegel and danto have made similar statements, their positions are different. Hegel is based on the limitation of absolute spirit of artistic expression, while danto is based on the self-discipline of art. Hegel focuses on the whole of history, while danto talks about art within the history of art. Thus, in Hegel, art ends in philosophy and develops in history as philosophy; Tantor will isolate in art history from the historical context of reality, think of the concept of art and creativity from the inside a hollowed-out exhausted, art practice without the motivation and new possibilities, art can't along with the development of the history of the atoms in the same direction, but had to repeat the past has appeared various forms, in the history of art history to the end. Art is consumed from within from the self-discipline of art. Under Kant's aesthetic self-discipline theory, art began to establish a set of principles and standards with its own characteristics, which played a positive role in defining and regulating art. However, with the deepening of aesthetic self-discipline on the control of art, artists began to "art for art's sake", divorced from the social reality and the context of The Times, play with the concept of art, only in the form of fine arts, so that art in a narrow scope of impossibility. This shows that there is an internal connection between the art self-discipline and the end of art. Danto sees this, and he prompts us to think about why art cannot exist autonomously. Art is mainly to grasp the world through the perceptual way, through the artistic image to convey the concept of art, and perceptual knowledge is sometimes unreliable, the perceptual image of the performance range and thinking space is limited. These characteristics show that art cannot understand truth through abstract concepts like mathematics and physics, but can only express spirit and ideas in a limited space and time. The essence of art is that it can never be divorced from the realistic context, and it always needs to seek a balance between perceptual knowledge and abstract logic. Once separated from the appropriate context, art will lose its rationality of interpretation. Duchamp's fountain is undoubtedly one of the most controversial works of art. Danto acknowledges its philosophical significance, but holds a pessimistic attitude towards its artistic significance. Duchamp is a ready-made urinal named "spring", its itself is the concept of a play, is one of the philosophy of art practice, because no matter from which side, urinal properties of beauty, it is aesthetic value lies in its philosophical thinking, of "spring" does not have the beautiful form, has a concept of beauty. "Duchamp's works raise the question of the philosophical nature of art within art, which implies that art has become a philosophy of vivid form and has now fulfilled its spiritual mission by revealing the philosophical nature at its center. It is time to leave the task to philosophy itself, which is ready to deal directly and ultimately with the question of its own nature. Danto eventually returns to Hegel and formally states that art ends in philosophy. Although he overcame Hegel's neglect of artistic self-discipline, he still believed that art would be replaced by philosophy after losing its own definition. Danto's conclusion is disappointing. He proposed that art should have a sense of history, but he did not find a correct development path for art. Instead, he deprived art with philosophy, not only ignoring the significance of reality for art, but also developing art into an idea, which need to be rethought.

The arrival of the post-modern society determines that art must be open to reality, and the essence of art has become an open field with multiple possibilities. The essence of art is infinite, so are the forms of art, and all kinds of post-modern art schools have found their living grounds. From self-discipline to openness, the development of art seems to go from one extreme to the other.

In the process of modernization, the world we live in has undergone profound changes. On the other hand, science and technology and instrumental rationality also cause the opposition between man and nature. Rationalism and technology-oriented approach not only makes people's spiritual life increasingly poor, but also makes the social foundation for the existence of art fragile and changes the positioning of artwork in society. Benjamin proposed the concept of "halo" 1 in his works of art in the age of mechanical reproduction, which indicates that artworks are born with standards and should be unique and authoritative, while artworks without "halo" are not real artworks. However, in the industrial society, under the control of machinery and technology, the production of artworks has become a large-scale mechanical reproduction, thus losing its unique authority. At the same time, art also from the temple out of the public can become a consumer goods. Such an inevitable result is the non-art of art. That is to say, in the post-modern context, art has returned to the initial state where everything is art and nothing is art, and art has become ubiquitous. "The end of art" shows that art will not disappear, but into the daily life of the public.

In this way, when the self-discipline of art is broken as a whole, art suffers a new aesthetic crisis, which is generated in the era we live in. However, this kind of crisis will not lead to the end of art, on the contrary, art will be reborn in the confrontation with The Times. The "disenchantment" of postmodernism makes the aestheticization of daily life become an inevitable trend. The production and acceptance of art have undergone great changes, so the way for art to save itself should be to return to daily life. Every era should have its own art. The art in the mass society needs to reposition itself, rediscover and define its own concept and essence. Secondly, the art itself needs some unshakable and stable standards. Art needs to establish authority for itself in the confrontation with instrumental rationality. At the same time, the art to life should always be in the historical context and the realistic context, in the spiritual content and material form to achieve unity and harmony. Art cannot be independent from the history of society. "art for life" will replace "art for art". It is hard to predict what the future of art will look like, but it is certain that art will not end. The art form of an era will certainly disappear with the passing of The Times, but the art as a whole will not end.

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