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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- American transcendentalism，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的实验主义。超验主义影响了美国的方方面面，美国的文化、民族精神、美国文学和社会发展等等无一不受着超验主义的潜移默化地影响，这也是为什么超验主义有如此高的地位的原因。物质是重要的，而精神这种看不见摸不着却能感受到的东西也应该被平等对待，超验主义无疑为当时甚至现在的精神空虚的美国人提供了一片净土。

The transcendentalism of the United States arose in the 1830s and continued into the 1860s. It has been nearly two centuries, but as a pearl in American history, transcendentalism has not lost its luster with the passage of time, its influence has always been increasing, and people are still in the ascendant in the study of it. Transcendentalism represented by Emerson and Thoreau attaches importance to people's personality, independence and inner peace, which can be said to affect all aspects of America.

In the 19th century, the world was in a state of rapid technological development and substantial increase of social wealth. However, everything has its pros and cons. The industrialization and industrial revolution of the United States in the 19th century pushed the wheels of American history, but they also brought many troubles to Americans. On the one hand, they are obsessed with the "debauchery" and "drunkard" brought by economic development, but they also bear the inner world's hesitation and poverty. Transcendentalism advocates the importance and value of ideological independence. It thinks that material life is vulgar. This kind of thought ADAPTS to the development of society and is undoubtedly a good medicine for people at that time. So what is transcendentalism? Transcendentalism is a movement about literature, philosophy and art. Because a small group of intellectuals opposed the rationalistic formalism of calvinism and monotheism they came up with the belief in the sanctity of man and nature. Transcendentalists believe that everyone has the inherent divinity, and only through contact with nature can the divinity and human nature be integrated with each other, thus the transcendentalists emphasize individualism, independence and reject the traditional decadent authority.

When it comes to transcendentalism, we almost all agree that there is one person who was born specifically for transcendentalism, and he is Emerson. Emerson was born into a New England family of priests. When he was a child, the family had fallen into decline, so he experienced "the poverty of high society". As a child he was a Calvinist, but when he went to college he abandoned the principles of calvinism and embraced the Christian belief in one god. By acknowledging that man can be perfected by his own efforts, it is clear that the idea of unitarian god is more advanced than calvinism. Emerson was ordained as the unitarian pastor of Boston's second church, but soon found that unitarian values reason so highly that he decided to resign. He went to Europe, made friends with the likes of Clare, Coleridge and wadsworth, and brought European romanticism back to America. Emerson once sponsored the transcendentalist magazine sundial to promote transcendentalist ideas. For a time, transcendentalism was so prevalent that some people thought they were "crazy". The term "transcendentalist" was originally pejorative, meaning someone who is not down to earth. Despite leaving the ministry business, Emerson never stopped preaching, not from the pulpit, of course, but in the classroom.

Emerson makes a systematic synthesis of the transcendentalist view, the most important element of which is "superspirit", so he attaches great importance to the spirit. In on nature, he wrote, "philosophically, the universe is made up of nature and the soul." Emerson believes that the world can be perceived, and he emphasizes the importance of idealism, because only idealism can see the world of god. "The whole world: man and all things, deeds and events, nations and religions... They are giant paintings of god's eternal thinking soul.

It is only natural that we should find another transcendent view, which is equally important, that the individual, not the masses, is the most important. If a man by his own strength trains and sanctifies himself, he becomes more and more perfect, even perfect. This is what Emerson called "the infinite potential of man." Emerson tried to convince people that there was no end to the process of perfecting themselves; People should be able to stand on their own two feet; Everyone should see the world as his own and be able to control his own existence. Everyone should understand that by creating the world, he also creates himself. And by creating himself, he also created the world. Emerson thought, "the world is for you... ", you have to "build your own world", "believe in yourself" and "create yourself". Trust your own judgment and the world is yours.

Thoreau was Emerson's friend, about 14 years his junior. Thoreau's ambitious mother decided to send her son to college. She succeeded. Thoreau went to harvard, but he didn't like the atmosphere and life there. After graduation, Thoreau returned home to help his father with his business and later to open a private school of his own. Thoreau and Emerson became friends, used his library, and embraced his ideas. In 1845, something happened that influenced Thoreau himself and American literature. With the permission of Emerson, Thoreau built a cabin on the walden river in Emerson. Thoreau wanted to get away from the busy social life in America because he thought it was becoming more and more materialistic. Thoreau lived a self-sufficient life on the Banks of the walden river. As he told us, he spent about six weeks a year growing beans. He spends most of the year writing and enjoying nature. Thoreau was a sensitive woodsman, in a primeval forest, completely immersed in communication with nature.

Thoreau's representative work is walden, in which he explains to us his thoughts on the self, nature and all things. He told us some happy life rich "secret recipe" : the material requirements to be simple, simple as a bush of grass in the wilderness; The pursuit of the spirit do not stop, to fill the inner world. All of this coincides with the transcendentalist view.

The principles advocated by transcendentalism are indeed beautiful, but in the real world, not all people have the consciousness of Emerson and Thoreau. Human beings are full of material desires and other desires, so asceticism is actually not that popular. On the other hand, society needs these desires to drive. Transcendentalists talk and meditate against the trend of social development. After the civil war, the United States ushered in a rapid development of the era, people's spiritual world has ushered in a "iron iron", mechanical civilization is popular, but on the other hand, materialism is also prevalent. Transcendentalist thought, the ideal of trying to open up broad prospects for life, was completely distorted by people. The United States is a typical representative of the development of modern civilization. Its development trajectory is amazing. In just over two hundred years, the United States has become the most powerful country in the world. In the clamor for quick success and instant benefit, the transcendental and refined transcendentalist ideal of the United States appears so valuable. This noble ideal of life bravely shouted out to the world against the trend of The Times, it is also so valuable. The United States is highly developed, but on the other hand, modern material civilization produced by environmental pollution, ecological damage and other global problems are becoming more and more serious. Mankind should rethink the contradiction between human ideal and social development. American transcendentalist ideal provides another kind of thinking about the development of the United States and the development of civilization, which, though not playing an obvious role in reality, is precious enough.

Transcendentalism affects every aspect of America. American culture, national spirit, American literature and social development are all influenced by transcendentalism, which is the reason why transcendentalism has such a high status. Material things are important, while spirit, which is invisible but can be felt, should be treated equally. Transcendentalism undoubtedly provided a pure land for Americans who were spiritually empty then and even now. This paper attempts to analyze the transcendentalism itself, and also pays special attention to its impact on social development. From this, we can feel that the transcendentalism may still have important practical significance for today's America and even the whole world.

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