Essay代写：Britain's second state pension scheme－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Britain's second state pension scheme，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国国家第二养老金计划。英国的国家第二养老金计划是布莱尔工党上台后提出的一项养老金改革计划，也被称为附加国家养老金，目的在于取代始于1978年的国家收入关联养老金计划，与国家基本养老金一起共同构成为英国养老金制度体系的第一支柱，它可称得上是现代英国养老金计划建设中的一大特色。

"The state second pension plan is proposed by Britain's Tony Blair Labour came to power after a pension reform plan, also known as the additional state pension, the purpose is to replace began in 1978" national income associated pension plan or SERPS, together with the national basic pension for the first pillar of the UK pension system. It is a feature of the modern British pension scheme.

Since Tony Blair came to power in 1997 has been more attention in the field of welfare reform, and systematically puts forward the idea of "the second generation of welfare" argues that the point is to encourage people to actively work, strengthen the enterprising consciousness and self-reliance spirit, not just rely on social relief, the government needs to reduce the excessive intervention in social security, advocates "country retreat", but at the same time also to the "no chance in life dilemma" is responsible for the poor. Taking this as the starting point, Blair successively launched the "new youth deal", "new single parent deal" and other measures, as well as the reform in the welfare, education and training of minors. As for the pension system, the proposal and implementation of S2P is one of its most important reform measures.

The main target population of S2P is low - and middle-income people and those working with long-term ill or physically disabled caregivers. As the first pillar of the pension system, it has a very low barriers to entry, the national basic pension insurance premiums while any paid no occupational pensions or employees of the private pension will automatically with enjoy S2P qualification, is the only thing now is excluded freelancers, reason is that they pay in basic pension insurance cost is lower than the ordinary employees, and encourage them to raise carries expends the specified amount and then get to enjoy law qualification has yet to come. As the direct care of vulnerable groups, S2P for its pay pay level is better than its predecessor SERPS: in under the same number of years of pay is basic annuities insurance cost, S2P according to different income levels different pensions paid to policy-holder, and it's annual income is less, the resulting replacement rate level is higher, although look from the absolute number, income of the most high income still inevitably more than the low income earners. Such a step by step decline in the way of hair, is undoubtedly a major tilt to low-income people, but also on the higher income of a suppression strategy. Moreover, S2P followed the effective practice of SERPS and attached great importance to the rights and interests of women or men who raised children or took care of the elderly at home, so that their care work could also be recognized by the society, reflecting the principle of labor equity.

In line with the steps-down method, the S2P scheme sets up the so-called "exit" mechanism, which provides relatively preferential alternatives for those with higher incomes, and guides them to give up S2P more often and participate in the second and third pillars, such as occupational pension or private pension, so as to make the basic guarantee function of the first pillar more prominent. The biggest characteristic of this system lies in the "discount", namely the employees choose to leave after S2P, he himself and his employer will enjoy the national basic pension insurance cost of pay discounts and preferential, the higher the employees' personal income, the more discount, just return these discount is not directly to individual employees, but by his own choice of a career, a pension plan or private pension plans have investment and value-added, and the government's value-added part of the rebate and tax breaks. On the whole, this discount system is obviously designed for employees with higher income and stronger ability to resist risks. For low-income employees, it is difficult for them to bear the risk of market investment, so the first consideration of the "exit" mechanism is the expected investment return. Opt out means that will face the market investment risk, should not only consider the value, must also take into account the certain value range, according to the English themselves, this kind of discount of gold investment yields should reach 7% before the treatment of matching S2P plan, of course, it also depends on execution of S2P changes, namely, as an integral part of the national planning S2P is also connected to some political risk, the government's transition and the reform of the daily will also affect it, which requires employees to own consideration and thinking; The second factor to be considered is the income level. The higher the personal income is, the larger the preferential amount of withdrawal will be, the stronger the investment profitability will be, and it will be easier to increase the investment income. On the contrary, it will be more difficult for low-income people. Another factor to consider is age. The younger the employee, the longer the discount investment period and the greater the potential growth benefit. S2P "exit mechanism", although is still follow the practice of the SERPS, but more complex and need to be considered more seriously, this is, of course, strengthen the responsibility of the individual spirit and risk awareness, individuals can master the basic state pension life in the future, this also with the Blair government policy objectives, consistent with the global development trend of the social security requirements, S2P this British unique system creation is also the cause of the country's social security reform has played a unique role.

As an important part of the first pillar of the UK pension system, S2P reflects the responsibility of the government in the modern social security system. Despite the current for the role of government in social security system problems the world is a lot of discussions and tests, the overall direction is toward the reflection and weakening and national role, but the country as the role of the social security system the policy bottom line can't be negative, this is a mature modern society must have a system of quality. Not only can not deny, how to reform and improve it should be more attention.

As the first pillar, its primary task is to maintain the lowest living standard of citizens and prevent them from falling into the abyss of poverty, which determines that its target group should be the low-end group of society, namely the poor or vulnerable groups. The attention and support to this group of people is not only an important aspect of the current global pension security system reform, but also a severe challenge faced by China. The S2P plan of the UK provides some reference for us on how the government should implement effective safeguard policies for the poor groups. For example, the government should consciously strengthen the construction of occupational pension and private pension, so as to provide a strong support for the government pension plan and give citizens more independent choices. Another example is the connection between the old and new policies. Of course, the most direct is the obvious slant of S2P on low-income groups. In May 2006, the British government as the first pillar of the national basic pension and S2P has issued a white paper, and put forward the major reform proposals, including restoring national basic pension contact link between personal income, the income of the individual must pay the basic pension insurance cost is higher, at the same time, gradually will S2P pay treatment unification, namely row neat S2P treatment from the absolute amount standard, and linked with the rate of inflation, annual review. These two proposals are clearly intended to enable low-income people to receive more government pension assistance at lower contribution costs, and this extra part is not from the government's fiscal subsidies, but from higher income people to pay more premiums to the state basic pension. As the national basic pension system is mandatory, these measures are generally considered as the "price" paid by high-income groups for social stability, as well as their "subsidy" to low-income people, which more clearly reflects the welfare principle of social mutual aid. Although the white paper to truly implement these reform measures are put forward also need depending on the specific situation, needs to about 2012 to 2015 is possible, but such a direction, a key support the social security of poor people bottom of the new structure is in the social security construction in our country should also be an important content of cannot be ignored.

想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写，请关注51Due英国论文代写平台，51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构，专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作，主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里，51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务，为广大留学生提升写作水平，帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求，可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。