r51due

本篇paper代写- Britain raises retirement age讨论了英国延迟退休年龄。延迟退休年龄是世界社会保障制度改革的一大趋势，英国作为典型的社会福利国家在这一改革中走在了前列。英国是世界上人口老龄化严重的国家之一，这也对英国社会的养老金支付造成了沉重的负担。养老金支付一直是英国最大的社会保障支出项目，近年来养老金支付一直占到公共支出总额的40%左右，每年养老金的缺口达570亿英镑，资金压力巨大。为缓解这一沉重的压力，政府不得不以延迟退休年龄的方式来减轻和转移部分危机。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Population aging degree aggravates, the rigid development of pension benefits has caused great pressure on government finance. Britain is one of the countries with a serious aging population in the world. As early as 1929, the population over 65 years old reached 7% of the total population and entered into the aged society. At present, there are 9.57 million people over the age of 65, accounting for 16% of the total population, 21% of the population over the age of 60, and only 20% of the population under the age of 16. The growing "silver wave" is placing a heavy burden on pension payments. Pension payment has always been the largest social security expenditure project in Britain. In recent years, pension payment has always accounted for about 40% of the total public expenditure, accounting for 10% of GDP. The annual gap of pension is 57 billion pounds, which is a huge pressure on funds. To alleviate this heavy pressure, the government has to raise the retirement age to alleviate and transfer some of the crisis.

The pension system is inadequate, and poverty among the elderly is still a serious problem, making them afraid to retire. Britain's pension system is regarded as one of the "most feasible" pension systems in the world, but there are still many deficiencies in practice. For example, the basic state pension benefits are low. According to this year on the survey of 3400 people showed that only 4% of respondents think that rely on the national basic pension can live comfortable, up to 68% of the respondents said depend on national basic pension cannot make them have a loose, the government should provide more basic annuities, should reach 600 pounds or more per month, and the current basic pension payments is a single retirees 87.3 pounds a week, a retired couple 139.6 pounds a week, the gap is not small; As the second pillar of the pension system, enterprise annuity is also facing a development crisis. Due to excessive investment in capital market of the enterprise annuity fund, with the ups and downs fluctuation in the capital market, many of the enterprise annuity plan into deficit crisis, the national enterprise annuity deficit reached 300 billion pounds, forcing many enterprises to reform their pension plan, the direct impact to the retirement of older workers.

British society is facing a severe skills crisis, and the shortage of skills in the existing workforce makes employers more inclined to employ older workers. The UK's largest labor organization, the federation of labor, according to a survey done last year, about 6 million people in 30 million workers in the country's language ability can not meet the requirement of the job, there are more and more people arithmetic level is rather poor, even in a particular field of university graduates with advanced knowledge reserves are also often lack the skills to give full play to their professional knowledge. The full extent of the problem was revealed last December in the Leeds report, a two-year study of the skills crisis in the British workforce. Labor skills according to the report, has been a key lever to realize society prosperity and social justice, in today's social and economic environment, its function is the core elements of, British workers' skills, however, is worrying, 5 million people do not have any labor skills, qualifications, 17 million people the basic arithmetic of difficulty, one 6 people language ability is insufficient, more than one 6 of young men in also cannot smoothly under the condition of reading, writing, or computing leave school. In this state of affairs, British employers are increasingly looking for older workers with rich work skills and experience. In response to the skills crisis, there has been a steady easing of restrictions on the continued employment of older workers.

The traditional ideology and culture in British society encourage and advocate work and personal self-help and self-esteem, which also influences the elderly to choose to continue working. Relative to other European countries, Britain's history and traditional culture has been more attention to work, thrift, respected and self-help as the characteristics of personal values, emphasizing both economically and morally individual shall rely mainly on their own rather than relying on others, wealth and social recognition from their hard work, save for investment income, work and thrift will express a respectable life attitude, a confident, positive individuals, will be confident, positive and progress of society. Such an idea has always been a strong ideological feature of British society and still plays an important role in the behavioral choices of older people in Britain today. A survey in May last year, conducted under the auspices of the charity care for the aged, found that 80 per cent of 60,000 people aged between 50 and 70 thought the government should not set a mandatory retirement age, 65 per cent planned to work beyond the state retirement age and 10 per cent had no intention of retiring at all. When it comes to want to continue to work reasons, 40% of respondents said the work to give their own spiritual satisfaction and a sense of achievement, keep yourself energetic positive attitudes, 32% of people said to continue to work will be good for health and vitality of your body, a third of people said he is like work, like to work with.

In order to cope with the aging of the population and relieve the pressure of rigid development of pension benefits, appropriately extending the legal retirement age should be one of the feasible measures. China is currently in a period of rapid population aging, with the population over 60 reaching 150 million and the population over 65 reaching 104 million. In the next 50 years, the growth rate of the elderly will further accelerate. In 2010, the proportion of the population over 65 will exceed 8%, and the total number of the elderly will reach 450 million in 2050, accounting for 32.73% of the total population. Population life expectancy increasing at the same time, the 1981 national population life expectancy of 68 years, 2000 to 71 years old, currently about 72 years old, has reached the world level, in 2050 is expected to rise to 80 years old, and at present our country's retirement age for male 60, female 55, if no adjusted scientifically, and the population life expectancy gap will be bigger and bigger; Moreover, the government's increasing pressure on pension payments could be alleviated by a certain delay in the retirement age. Under the trend of population aging, the payment pressure of endowment insurance fund in China is very prominent. Due to the rapid growth of retirees, the expenditure of China's endowment insurance fund has been rising every year, and some regions have been unable to collect enough money to cover the expenditure. The gap of funds has been expanding year by year, forming the "empty account" operation. According to relevant documents from the ministry of labor and social security, in 2000, China's pension "empty account" was more than 36 billion yuan, and by the end of 2005, "empty account" had reached 800 billion yuan. Under such great pressure and the expected acceleration of aging in the future, the implementation of various reform measures is inevitable to ensure the timely and full payment of pension, among which the gradual adjustment of "6050" retirement age line, which has been implemented for more than half a century since the founding of the People's Republic of China, should also be included.

We will strengthen the building and reform of the pension system and strive to improve the living security system for the elderly. Elderly poverty is different from other types of poverty, the elderly have almost no opportunity and ability to rely on their own strength to improve life, out of poverty, more can only rely on the help of external forces, to ensure the basic life of the elderly, ensure that they do not fall into poverty should be the pension insurance system cannot shirk the responsibility. In China, the elderly is still a special poor class, especially the elderly is a typical poor group. In December 2001, a survey in Shanghai showed that 20 percent of the poor families in the city were over 60 years old, when the aging rate was only 18.58 percent. Pension security system of our country still faces a narrow coverage, low level of treatment, the worker under the age of 59, 196 million people took part in all kinds of endowment insurance plan, accounts for only about 23% of the working-age population, the main body of attend primary endowment insurance is still state-owned enterprises, non-public enterprises, individual owners and their practitioners rate is low; In terms of benefits, the most prominent problem is the low pension of enterprise retirees, who account for the majority of the retired population.

Currently, there are 87.2 million skilled workers in China, among whom only 3.6 million are technicians and senior technicians, accounting for 4% of the skilled workers. There are 15 million senior workers, accounting for 17%. There were 31.4 million intermediate workers, accounting for 36%. 32 million junior workers, or 43 percent. Compared with developed countries, we have a low proportion of skilled workers and an unreasonable structure. The discontinuity and continuity of the skilled labor force has become an important factor hindering the progress of China's modernization. , therefore, must strengthen the implementation of vocational training, vocational education, to encourage and guide people to set up and practice the concept of "lifelong learning", attach importance to and strengthen labor skill requirements and training for new Labour, with the young, middle-aged and old worker constitute a complete team echelon, cycle for, make middle-aged technology backbone happinesses, choose not to continue to work just be my subjective choice, rather than from the unit or the necessary of the society, it also conducive to the protection of old people's physical and mental health.

"Old people doing things" is a fine fashion of our national traditional culture, which should be maintained and strengthened in the new situation. In the past, "old people doing things" mainly refers to the elderly raising children and children in the family, maintaining the stability of the family, etc. In the current social development environment, we must realize its broader and positive significance. Safeguarding the rights and interests of the elderly includes recognizing and respecting the rights of the elderly to rest and work, recognizing that lifelong work is an important right of human beings, which can be given up by themselves but cannot be restricted or deprived, and recognizing the important significance of "old people doing things" for the aging Chinese society. In the education of scientific research, health, culture, tourism and other industries to advocate "teaching", can play a waste heat for the elderly people, show the talent, reflect ego value, more smoothly to participate in social life, to improve their physical and mental health, for unit development, old people is a kind of low cost and high added value of human capital, can save cost and expand the benefits, for their own time to adjust and optimize the structure of human resource configuration to win development, and for the whole society, elderly career development to alleviate the pressure of the aging of importance is self-evident. Therefore, should protect and encourage the old people's employment rights, making the elderly employment policies, rules and regulations, proper evaluation and use of the talent and ability of old people, for older people to continue to work to help and service, implementing the strategy of "active aging", in response to and at the same time to speed up the development of the national economy to solve the problem of aging population, speed up the construction of harmonious society.

要想成绩好，英国论文得写好，51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯，专业辅导，还为你提供专业英国essay代写，paper代写，report代写，需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ：800020041或者Wechat：Abby0900吧。