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下面为大家整理的一篇优秀assignment范文- Comparison of industrial development in the western United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国西部产业发展的比较。美国西部三大产业，分别是采矿业、牧业和农业。淘金热是西部地区采矿业发展的契机，引发了该地区矿业和相关产业的发展。与采矿业相比，牧业的历史更加悠久，更接近传统的农业生产方式。而农业发展相对较晚，但该地区自然条件良好，土壤肥力温和，气候宜人。特别是内华达山脉和沿海山区，农场发展迅速。

The Gold Rush an opportunity for the development of the west regions, which has triggered the development of the region's mining industry and related industries.

The mining industry is one of the three major development industry of the western religions, which firstly rose in the Far West, then extended to other areas. In 1848, the discovery of the gold mines in California and the West immediately set off a "gold rush", and the mining industry has emerged. In the second year, there were 10 million people rushing into California, joined the gold team (Meinig, 1972). In the 1960s, as a new force, mining industry suddenly rose in the west, mine almost was throughout the western states and territories, forming a continuous 30 years long ore mining industry prosperity. Firstly along the California California's eastern border, there formed three new mining area. Moreover, in the Western Great Lakes Plain Area, mining industry developed rapidly with fine iron ore resources from the Appalachian Mountain Region Oil and mineral resources of bituminous coal discovered. The development of mining industry was not only in the mining area of the breadth of the expansion, but also in the depth of the mine. In 1874, the mining industry turned to deep exploitation of many kinds of mixed mineral deposits, such as gold and silver so on. And the development of the mining industry has formed in the capital, and the personal mining has gradually been replaced by joint-stock enterprises. Therefore, the corresponding mining industry has been developed (Porter, 1980).

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Instead, the ranching industry originated in southern Texas. Compared to the mining industry, it was more so long, just as early as in 1845. Texas had been part of Spain and Mexico, which gathered a lot of immigrants with different identity and ethnic backgrounds. And it was a thriving agricultural immigration area. To the 1880s, southern Texas has a large number of cattle. Horses and sheep were wildly supported, and a large number of them rapidly breed in the 19th century 30's, then cattle in Texas reached 10 million. The Great Plains cattle industry developed outwards, which began with the Long-distance Vendor in 1865, and it is a total of prelude to each transport activities. Due to the American Civil War, the cattle in the Mississippi River upstream are scarce, and its prices rose to per head of $40. However, in the western United States, cattle in Texas only worth a dollar per head. Astute Texas businessman firstly noticed the great chance, which opened the "long-distance trafficking activities with far-reaching significance. Only in 1866, 260000 cattle were rushed to Missouri Sedalia. By 1880, the cattle had spread from southern Texas in the Rio Grande to the north of the Canadian border, and from the Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains. Different with the mine industry, animal husbandry in the Great Plains had a very typical characteristics of commercialization, which connect with commodity and market together from the start. And another characteristic in Great Plains was large scale. A large ranch was usually with cattle in the thousands, and some reached tens of thousands. Large scale production, and high profit returns had made investors quickly gathered a huge wealth. By 1880, the number of livestock increased, causing the overloaded phenomenon, then the Great Plains and animal husbandry came to major change. Compared to the mining industry, the livestock industry is more close to the traditional mode of agricultural production (Billington and Ridge, 2001).

Compared to the previous two industries, agricultural development was relatively late, but the area had good natural conditions, soil fertility, mild climate. Especially the Sierra Nevada and the coastal mountains, farms developed rapidly. On the other hand, as the ancient colony of Mexico, many old missionary areas were established. After a long time of agricultural production practice, these missions have made a lot of empirical achievements, such as the successful introduction of some tropical fruits, especially some tropical fruits. California area can be divided into three agricultural zones in the 19th century the 1960s, along with the mining industry, came into a new stage of development. Therefore, the California agriculture develop rapidly (Rosen and Howard, 2000).

In the last 30 years of the 19th century, the Great Plains was quickly exploited. Ranching was originally prior to planting industry, which developed rapidly in the Great Plains and became the dominant industry at one time. Farming also began to penetrate to the eastern edge of the west. And the climate condition made the pace of agricultural development relatively slow than animal husbandry. To the end of the 19th century, a wide swaths of detonation land between Texas and Montana, was mostly settled by the farmer, and crop production has become the important part of the west.

But during the development of the three industries, they have caused damage on environment in varying degrees, where mining caused most serious damage on water, resulting in a series of related hazards. In the 1960s, mountain mining industry rise in far west, also caused the river and lake pollution. Waste water increased abnormal sedimentary soil in the water, resulting in blockage of river and river diversions. Because of mining, the Sacramento River contained larger amount of sludge than the Missouri River.

Ranching for grassland destruction is the most serious, resulting in land desertification and other serious phenomenon. Due to the phenomenon of overloading of pasture, 7 acres of grassland degenerated in the Great Plains, some local forage is damaged to the permanent (Porter, 1980).

And agriculture also caused damage to the environment, thus soil erosion was serious. In the 19th century, land price was very low in the west. Land colonizer usually looted land after the completion of the essence, the just sold it. And with the pace of the American frontier moving west, leaped forward in the road to find new resources of land and wealth. Many people often exhausted 2-3 farms in their life, and there did not exist the awareness of the protection of land. When the land resources was extremely rich, destruction of the land did not seem compelling. Ten thousands of acres of cultivated farmland have been abandoned, and bare land exposed outside. In the drought climate, serious soil erosion phenomenon could be seen everywhere, which is the famous storm in history (Porter, 1980).

References

Billington, R. A., & Ridge, M. (2001). Westward expansion: a history of the American frontier. UNM Press.

Pomeroy, E. (1955). Toward a Reorientation of Western History: Continuity and Environment. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 579-600.

Porter, G. (1980). Encyclopedia of American economic history: studies of the principal movements and ideas (Vol. 1). Macmillan Reference USA.

Meinig, D. W. (1972). American Wests: preface to a geographical interpretation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 62(2), 159-184.

Rosen, K. T., & Howard, A. L. (2000). E-retail: Gold rush or fool's gold?. California management review, 42(3), 72.

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