Essay代写：The politics of Virtue－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The politics of Virtue，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美德政治学。美德政治有三大历史类型，即美德定向的政治学，权力定向的政治学和权利定向的政治学。对于政治道德的历史类型的探究，需要考察政治人伦关系的结构。古代政治的基础是统治阶级独占政治权力，所以，古代政治学的主流是通过使政治结构、政治行为道德化的美德定向的政治学；夺取政权和保持政权则可以采取所需要的一切品质和手段，而不介意于是否符合流俗的道德标准的权力定向的政治学。

Prof. Gianshiyu's book, the historical type and realistic structure of the political science of Virtue, is the final achievement of the National Social Science Fund project, the function and the limit of virtue and politics. The 460,000-word, presentations, and thick content are the first academic masterpieces of the early systematic study of the virtues of the political theory. In addition to the "Introduction" and "PostScript", the book is divided into eight chapters, focusing on the historical evolution of the political Science of Virtue and the reality of the construction of a comprehensive and profound research.

Systematically combed and studied the historical types of virtue politics. The study shows that there are three historical types of virtue politics, namely, the politics of virtue orientation, the politics of power orientation and the politics of right orientation. The politics of Virtue orientation is represented by ancient Chinese Confucianism, Plato and Aristotle in the west, and Rousseau in modern times. The politics of power orientation is represented by Chinese ancient Han Fei Zi and Machiavelli in the West. The politics of right orientation is represented by the liberal factions of modern western liberalism, in which Hobbes, Locke, Kant and Mill are representatives of modern times, while Rawls and Dworkin are contemporary representatives. The author combs The three types of historical development of virtue politics from the perspective of diachronic, and clears up its development and inevitability. In the author's view, the exploration of the historical types of political morality should examine the structure of political relationship. The foundation of ancient politics is that the ruling class monopolize political power, therefore, the mainstream of ancient political science is through the political structure, political behavior of the virtues of moral orientation of the political science, the seizure of power and the maintenance of power can take all the necessary qualities and means, and do not mind whether it conforms to the prevalent moral standards of power-oriented politics. However, with the development of history, the dual direction of ancient political science needs to change. The Western modern politics must stand on the basis of the relationship of equality and freedom, and need to establish and protect the individual right to lay the moral foundation for politics, that is, to turn to the politics of right orientation.

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The concept of rights is an important factor in understanding the historical evolution of virtue politics. The study shows that rights are a key structural element in the modern political structure. It is precisely because of the establishment of the concept of rights in modern times, on the one hand to become the benchmark of the political virtues of the dimension, but also in the political obsession to require people with higher-order virtues of a kind of buffering effect. To some Western thinkers or to think of rights as an inappropriate abstraction, it is a myth, or that the protection of rights undermines valuable virtues, that it fully demonstrates the existence of rights and their moral basis, thus refuting the notion of denial of rights in the academic success, and also against the right to launch from duty, and asserting rights has precedence over obligations. Rights and virtues can be reconciled, and the contemporary benchmark political virtues should be premised on respect for rights.

The role and limits of the State in encouraging and promoting virtue are dialectically discussed. The political science of Virtue holds that the theory of virtue should be included in politics, advocating and promoting the cultivation of virtue. In the contemporary political field, how should we encourage and promote virtue, and where is the limit? By analyzing the virtues of classical politics, the structure of virtues and the relationship between rights and political virtues, the author makes an innovative theoretical construction of the practical function of virtue politics. The author holds that political virtues can be divided into two categories: the benchmark political virtues and the higher-order political virtues. Contemporary benchmark political virtues should be premised on respect for rights. The State should encourage and promote access to such rights-based benchmarks of political virtue and as an important task and conduct structural guidance. The state cannot directly engage in the cultivation of people's higher-order virtues, but it should provide basic material conditions, institutional environment and cultural nourishment for people to develop their virtues, such as zeal for public welfare, serving the masses, pursuing the truth, and contemplation of beauty.

The last chapter focuses on the Marxist view of justice and contemporary virtue politics. The essence of theoretical thinking is the philosophical thinking, the basic principle of which is the unification of history and logic, and the historical evolution theory of virtue politics is consistent with the historical logic of the development of human society, and it is based on the concept of right. Marxism attaches great importance to the cultivation of the political virtues based on rights, to promote people to some degree of self-realization and all-round development as a political goal, in order to promote people's quality improvement as an important theoretical task and good governance goals. Marxist political value standpoint, which can promote the all-round development of man and its degree as a yardstick to measure the moral value of a social system, reveals the concrete characteristics of "real Man's Morals". It is believed that only with the guidance of Marxist Justice view, the formal characteristics of the justice view of Western liberalism can be pointed out very clearly, and the social doctrine ignores the positive achievements of the Enlightenment. Marxism takes the self-realization as the content of the good Life idea, and takes the social condition of the historic to promote people's self-realization as the justice principle, then makes the justice and the Good Life idea have the substantive connection.

The perspective is unique and the research is deep. The political science of Virtue is the interdisciplinary subject of virtue ethics and political philosophy, and politics and morals belong to different fields and have dissimilar action logic. How can virtue and politics be compatible? The author believes that politics must uphold some kind of moral spirit, and only the political behavior from certain political virtues can create the public interest and make public decisions in line with the interests of the people. By examining the nature and inner structure of rights and virtues, the author holds that rights are not fundamentally hostile to virtue, they are compatible. On this basis, it reveals that in the history of the special Justice Theory of political philosophy, it has undergone a transition from political moral purpose to political moral foundation. These viewpoints are undoubtedly novel and profound, which provide a good perspective for people to understand the relationship between virtue and politics correctly.

The argumentation is rigorous and the method is diverse. Throughout the entire book, the argumentation logic is very strict, the method is diverse. For example, when Kant's right politics is proved, it not only examines the political philosophy of modern right orientation, represented by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, Kant's critical absorption of their thoughts, and resorts to the transcendental method to demonstrate the existence of virtues and rights, and the institutionalization of justice. Then, this paper expounds Mill's response to Kant's political ethics and the reform and development of the public ethics of Kant's Theory of Virtue and politics. It can be said that the logic from the consistent, layers of advance, the views echoed, new see public. Not only that, the author is familiar with Chinese and western ethics, in the demonstration of ancient virtues oriented political philosophy, not only detailed examination of Confucian Confucius "for the political and moral" in the internal logic of the political theory, but also examined the ancient Greek Plato, Aristotle on the political system to guide the growth of civic virtue. The political philosophy of power orientation chooses Han Fei and Machiavelli's political ethics thought to carry on the thorough research, in presenting its thought rationality, also reveals its intrinsic flaw. Chinese and western through, complement each other. Although the results are mainly based on philosophy research, not limited to philosophical research, but shuttling between different disciplines, from political science, ethics, philology, sociology, philosophy and other dimensions, the political science of virtue of interdisciplinary, multidimensional, systematic research.

From, theory combined with reality. This result is not only a basic theory research, but also a strong concern for real problems. The opening outlines the realm, principle and content frame of the political science of virtue, then combing and analyzing the evolution logic of the three historical types of the politics of virtue orientation, the politics of power orientation and the politics of right orientation, and the relationship between right and political virtue from the angle of theory. However, the author attaches great importance to the combination of theory and practice. This academic purport is clearly embodied in the last chapter: Marx's view of justice and contemporary virtue politics. Through the research, the author about the current era, the role of virtue in the real political life, the modern political distinction between the characteristics of ancient politics, our justice principle should be how to promote the realization of human self-realization, how we carry out the Marxist view of justice, The views of the State on the role and limits of the encouragement and promotion of virtue are gradually clear and clear, and the conclusions reached are strong.

In short, the book is full of philosophical speculation, logical thinking, strong argumentation, text style, give people with momentum and aesthetic feeling, full of vivid and fluent expression. Read through this book, we can deeply feel the author rigorous and pragmatic novelty of the academic style, broad academic horizons, as well as profound theoretical foundation. The publication of this book will have a great impetus to the research and practice of our country's virtue politics.

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