Paper代写：New Climate Economics－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- New Climate Economics，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了新气候经济学。随着全球变暖问题的加剧，如今各国都在协调各种行动以降低伴随强劲经济增长而出现的温室气体排放。低碳投资可以带来强劲得多、洁净得多的经济增长。能源效率能带来节约，而清洁能源技术能带来市场机会。

Recently, the latest assessment by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of evidence of global warming suggests that scientists have been more determined than ever before that human activity-mainly burning fossil fuels-is causing temperatures and sea levels to rise. In recent years, a series of extreme weather events-including Hurricane Sandy in New York and the New Jersey, floods in China and droughts in the Midwest and Russia and many developing countries-have caused serious damage. Last month, Mexico experienced a simultaneous attack on hurricanes in the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico, where the hurricane was crossing, towns and cities destroyed. Climate change is an important factor in such events, and the situation we face is getting worse.

These issues brought a new debate to the center of the stage: how to co-ordinate actions to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that accompany strong economic growth.

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The controversy has been lost in controversy. Most countries have started to invest in renewable energy, and many have started to implement carbon pricing and regulation, while critics accuse them of hindering growth. The global economy is still recovering from the 2008 financial turmoil, and higher energy prices have worried business and political leaders.

The emergence of shale gas has made the energy debate even more bewildering. Replacing coal with gas is a shortcut to a Low-carbon future. But the shocking thing is that the most dramatic increase in dosage is the dirtiest fuel-coal. Companies and investors are avoiding risks by taking certain resource-efficiency measures and investing in low-carbon assets, but their high carbon portfolios and behaviour have not changed much. The policy swings of some countries are also detrimental to the overall situation.

In response, those who support stronger action argue that Low-carbon investment can lead to much stronger and cleaner growth. They point out that energy efficiency can bring about economy, and clean energy technology can bring market opportunity. They are trying to prove that a more sustainable pattern of development brings many benefits to the world's cities, People's Health and energy security, as well as the access of the poor to more energy. They propose to issue green bonds, urging listed investment banks to use the world's lower interest rates and the opportunity for many countries to provide financial support for new infrastructure and jobs.

These are serious economic arguments, but they tend to evolve into rational responses to the economic crisis and ideological disputes over the government's intervention in market value. This is really regrettable. Climate change is not a factional dispute, and climate policy is fundamentally market-based. This is a question of correcting market failures so that markets and entrepreneurship can play an appropriate role in ensuring innovation and efficient resource allocation.

To jump out of this impasse, we helped to set up the global Economic and Climate Commission. The Committee's new Climate Economy project, which brings together seven leading policy research institutions on six continents, is overseen by an expert committee of former Heads of government, finance ministers and prominent business leaders, as advisers to an expert committee of eminent Global economists. The aim is to provide new evidence of authority to explain how governments and businesses can address climate risk while achieving stronger economic growth.

Few governments or investors are starting with climate change. They want to promote investment and economic growth, create jobs, stabilize public finances, expand markets, generate profits, guarantee reliable energy and food supplies, produce goods and services, reduce poverty and build cities. Therefore, the main question we need to ask is not whether emissions can be reduced, but how public policies help to achieve these core objectives while reducing emissions and building a climate-resilient economy.

In this regard, there is much experience around the world to learn from. When the Stern report on the economics of climate change was released seven years ago, the topic remained largely in the theoretical stage. Now, countries at all stages of development are pursuing new models of economic growth that consider climate issues.

Germany, for example, is planning to restructure the world's most ambitious low-carbon economy, based on energy conservation and renewables. South Korea has set "green growth" as the core economic target. Mexico's 2012 general law on climate change will significantly increase the amount of clean electricity. China will develop the green technology industry as the top priority of its agenda.

Some big companies provide powerful examples of how far we can get. Unilever pledged to use sustainable agricultural and forestry sourcing sources. Coca-Cola is completely deactivating the polluting climate of HFCs. Wal-Mart, the retail giant, is pushing emissions cuts across its supply chain. At the same time, the World Bank and European investment banks are no longer lending to high emissions of coal.

But the real question remains-how fast the economy can move towards Low-carbon and what can be done most effectively. Some low-carbon policies are clearly costly, while others, which are clearly cheap, are not. Any structural changes include costs, transactions, and uncertainties, and it is important to understand these factors rationally. Science has clearly demonstrated the urgency of climate, and it is time for economists and policymakers to explain the urgency of how to deal with the problem.

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