Paper代写：Saussure's Linguistics－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Saussure's Linguistics，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了索绪尔的语言学。索绪尔是法国瑞士语言学家，现代语言学理论的奠基者，被称为现代语言学之父。索绪尔将语法定为语言学史的第一阶段，语法定为语言学史的第一阶段。在索绪尔看来，不涉及一定历史条件下的语言运用，只研究语言本身的话，他将群体语言分为整体语言和个体语言。其中，在整体语言中又分为整体语言和抽象整体语言，并且整本语言学教程都是根据这几点构成框架而展开。

Ferdinand De Sol, a French-Swiss linguist, the founder of modern linguistics, is called the father of modern linguistics, and he has shaped linguistics into an independent discipline that has had a tremendous impact on world linguistics. Saussure's linguistics also becomes "Saussure", which is based on the distinction between language and speech, and studies language.

Saussure defined grammar as the first stage in the history of linguistics. The ancient Greek philosophers put language analysis and philosophy research together, to draw grammar and logic, so far we also have firsthand experience, such as we learn Western English grammar and logic are inseparable. From Herman Steithal in 1864, the publication of the history of Greek and Roman languages, with special regard for logic, to Plato to distinguish between sentences with static words and two elements of verbs, the predicate is expounded in the book of the Wise, and the Kraderu chapter contains nouns and verbs until Aristotle puts forward the name of "the verb" is gradually perfected by the logic and grammar focusing on the main speech and the predicate and the name verbs. Among them, Aristotle thought that noun is "because of the common sense of a certain meaning, and time independent of the voice."

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The second stage of the history of linguistics is philology. Philology is a completely different and profound language, which refers to the differences between linguistics and philology, linguistics only studies the language itself, and does not involve the use of language under certain historical conditions. In the Bu Grime of the origin of language, the classical literature, which focuses on language habits, poetic art and content, has achieved little success in basic morphology. Nowadays, philology is the means and tool of school-setting and training-releasing, which has the historical age. For example, in the history of Chinese Traditional philology, "Ye" has become the word "you" as we speak today, including all the problems related to the language function and the life history of the people who speak the language.

In Saussure's view, language use, which does not involve certain historical conditions, only studies the language itself, he divides the group language into the whole language and individual language. The whole language is divided into whole language and abstract whole language, and the whole linguistics course is based on these several frame.

What is the difference between language and rationality? Does the logic dominate or is the grammar dominant?

"In the first place, the grammar, which was pioneered by the Greeks, was invariably inherited by the French, and it never looked at the whole grammar itself in a philosophical perspective, and it had an important relationship with logic," he said. All traditional grammars are normative and, in other words, governed by preconceived notions of good rules, and distinguish between some supposedly correct group language and other supposedly erroneous group languages, beginning with the abandonment of a holistic view of the overall language phenomenon. "Ferdinand de saussure:cours de liuguisique generale,premier et troisieme cours, French text by the Japanese Pine English-assisted editor, the Japanese Institute of Learning 1993, 181th page." And Saussure believes that all the rules of the grammar, the so-called correct or not, but most people think of the standard. Therefore, the language, the rationality and the logic, also became the egg raw chicken, the chicken egg-laying problem.

In Rashid's point of view element study, "people ... When he turned back to himself and began to reflect, he set the rules for his own judgment, that is, logic, the rule for his words was grammar, and the rule for his desires, which was ethics. According to Trachy's point of view, the language itself is a set of rules, people comply with the rules, there is a normative, there will be the so-called language, human beings can communicate, in order to progress, in fact, in the rules of the formation of the language of the process is rational, the answer is self-evident. Therefore, the first stage of linguistics history-grammar, not the real meaning of linguistics.

The whole "Saussure's third course of general linguistics" is a concrete and clear framework, because the group language is not unified and cannot be classified, so saussure divides the language into the whole language and the individual language. And "Language study language" is the center of the book, fully embodies the language is the form, not the essence, this is also a well-known point of view of linguistics researchers, we enter a symbolic system from the inside to study the language, there is the concept of signifier and referred to. At the same time, because language is formed only to express people's cognition, concept and imagination, so from the beginning of human society, the name called language is assigned to different things, so that between the concept and the symbol, between the signifier and the finger to achieve a written contract, that is, can refer to and refer to the two elements of the symbol respectively, It is also one of the two sides of language symbol, which is opposite and indivisible. In order to better distinguish the signifier from the signifier in the whole language, Saussure's auditory and conceptual terms are explained separately.

Ability refers to the nature of time, is in the historical dimension of people's auditory response, and the existence of the signifier to reflect the voice of the heart of the imprint, that is, can mean in essence is arbitrary. In short, it is also the meaning of language itself, which is the concept that people reflect things through language.

For the invariance and variability of a symbol, whatever the signifier is, it is arbitrary for the concept it represents, and has the freedom to be replaced by another. Relatively speaking, the symbol is not free, human society imposed on the concept of symbols to express, profoundly reflects people's forced selectivity of language, it seems that symbols can be arbitrarily changed, but because of the large number of symbols to form a language, change is almost impossible. In the passage of the motion, it is mentioned that the historical factors of history have completely dominated the language, excluding any general and sudden change, "any nation, in general, is satisfied with the language it accepts, in the form of deposition in the brains of everyone who is so gathering, and when it participates in every moment of everyone, Because it is constantly receiving the influence of people, it is enough to explain to him that the revolution is impossible, according to this historical factor, interpretation of the symbol of the immutability is completely understandable. At the same time, Saussure pointed out that the variability of symbolic deformation, because of the continuity of the symbol itself, the choice of the change is based on the principle of continuity.

Sopur that "language" and "speech" together constitute a speech activity. For the two parts of the verbal activity that were taken apart, Saussure elaborated separately, language is the social part in the speech activity, it is not subject to the individual will, it is the society member altogether, but the speech is the part which is controlled by the individual will in the communication activity, it has the personal pronunciation, uses the word, the consciousness and so on the characteristic, The whole language provides the elements of speech, that is, the elements of speech are extracted from the whole as the individual language to use and express, and the language has become the speech, personalized, so that the language can not be separated from the existence of words.

Just as the ancient Greek philosophers put linguistic analysis and philosophical research together, the "language" and "speech" proposed by "Saussure's doctrine" can also be explained in the view of commonness and individuality in philosophy. Generality determines the basic nature of things, and points out the universality of different things. In the same way, language determines the social part of speech activity, so that people can have common and acceptable parts, so that it can be used to communicate emotion and speech activities, thus become the pillar of social promotion. Individuality, refers to the special nature of a thing different from other things, reveals the difference between things, it is difficult to find the so-called law. Speech is the expression of personal color and thought in communication activities, and it is not necessarily that everyone understands and digests, thus accomplishing the mission of making differences between things. Philosophy also points out that under certain conditions, commonness and individuality can be transformed into each other, and when the words were first put forward, they were not recognized by people, that is to say, any personality can not be completely included in the common, but after the baptism of time history, in the speech activities gradually become an essential language of communication, It becomes a language that is accepted and used by the mass population. In this, speech is a relatively conditional existence.

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