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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The Attack on Pearl Harbor，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了日本偷袭珍珠港。1941年12月7日，日本帝国发动了对珍珠港的袭击，这是20世纪美国军队最大的损失之一。虽然偷袭珍珠港是一次军事上的成功，但它在美国的参与下，极大地改变了二战的进程。美国人对没有宣战的袭击感到愤怒。最初的孤立主义被全国范围内的战争所取代。依靠其强大的工业，美国成为同盟国的核心，为其他国家提供在赢得战争中至关重要的资源。

The attack on the Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, initiated by Imperial Japan, was one of the greatest losses of the US military in the 20th century. Due to the nature of the attack, the US navy was completely unprepared. Over 2400 soldiers were killed, and 1282 injured in the attack (Dowswell, 23). In comparison, the losses on the Japanese side was minimal. Although the attack on Pearl Harbor was a military success, it significantly changed the course of WWII with the involvement of the United States. The Americans were furious about the attack without declaration of war. The original isolationism was replaced by the advocacy for war nationwide. This has then led to the declaration of war by Nazi Germany and Italy against the US in the following years, involving US further into the European battlefield. Relying on its powerful industries, the United States became the core of the Allies, supplying other nations with resources that were crucial in winning the wars.

The attack, although a military crisis, has also become the most significant turning point in WWII and even world history. In this essay, three cartoons made by Theodor Seuss Geisel(Dr. Seuss) before and after the attack will be analyzed, so that the social conditions in the US and public opinion of the Americans during that time will be better understood. Theodor Seuss Geisel was an American writer of humorous literature for children and an illustrator, who’s penname was Dr. Seuss. After the Nazi tanks invasion in Paris, Dr. Seuss expressed his opinion about the Nazis in a left-leaning newspaper (“PM”) (Nel, 79). In his artworks, Dr. Seuss condemned the isolationist in the US, who believed that the US would be better off without being involved into the wars. Many of his political cartoons targeted the isolationist and aviation hero, Charles Lindbergh specifically, accusing him of hiding from the reality and being delusional about the inexistent safety. Overall, the three cartoons have shown that Peral Harbor has played a key role in turning the public opinion of the United States from isolationism to being actively involved in WWII, which has profound influences on the world order since.

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In September 1939, over a million German soldiers invaded Poland. After stabilizing the east side of Germany, Hitler orders his forces to turn to the western Europe. Countries including Netherlands, Belgium and even France fell rapidly under attack. Britain was the only country left in resistance, due to its geographical location. The isolated Britain got assistance of supply from the United States, as President Roosevelt decided that the freedom of Europe must be defended. Although the US ships were entering and leaving English with supplies, the Germans didn’t attack on them, as Hitler was well aware of the power of the US. In the cartoon published on May 27, 1941, Dr. Seuss depicted the United States as a man taking a bath in the tub. In his hat, there reads “American First”, which is obviously sarcasm. The American First Committee (AFC) was the group of isolationists that formed in September 1940, which advocated against the US involvement in WWII. AFC was one of the most influential anti-war organizations in the history of the United States. Since the start of the war in 1939, the majority of Americans and politicians were advocating for a neutral approach for the European affairs (United States History). However, Dr. Seuss believed that the mentality of isolationists was ridiculous, as they considered the United States to be in the “safe” hemisphere that was isolated from the rest of the world. Other elements in the cartoons have demonstrated to the viewers that such a belief was a mere illusion. As most of the US citizens were rooted in Europe generations above, they are naturally bound with the fate of the Europe. In addition, the increasing forces of globalization make the idea of isolation no longer valid. Take China as an example, the once powerful Qing Dynasty tried to isolate from the world, yet the huge empire was broken by the much smaller sized Britain. Soaking in the bathtub there were different types of vermin with Nazi signs on them, which infiltrated and poisons the US society. Yet Uncle Sam remained ignorant with the belief of “America First”. Dr. Seuss wanted his readers, especially those supporting AFC, to be better aware of the world situation, instead of holding on to the illusion of peace until it is too late to fight back.

There have been many speculations on how the situation of WWII would be without the attack on the Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. One thing would be for sure, it that the US would not be involved into WWII so soon in. As Hitler was planning his attacks on the Soviet Union, he was targeting the rich natural resources of the country, so that it can develop a hinterland in the center of the European continent. Once the Soviet Union fell within one year of attack, Germany would acquire enough resources and strengths needed to conquer Britain. If this was the case, even if the United States got involved later, perhaps in 1943, Germany would have nothing to fear and be fully prepared to take on the US. In the June of 1941, over five million German soldiers attacked the Soviet Union, leaving it completely unprepared. The latter took the loss of over two million lives within two weeks. Till then, the US was still not preparing to intervene, despite its constant assistance for Britain. The reason why the US was not helping the Soviet Union was because it was already considered a potential enemy of the US, which is no different from Germany. If such situations continued to develop, Germany would grow beyond control after the absorption of Soviet Union.

However, it was Japan that ruined Hitler’s plan completely. Firstly, it refused to help form a converging attack on the Soviet Union, which indirectly caused the defeat of the German armies in Soviet Union later, due to the lack of back up. Japan refused the request of Germany for its own considerations. As it was planning to take over Southeast Asia, the US and Britain sealed its paths in the area. Caught in desperate need for oil and steel resources, Japan planned to take over Southeast Asia first by wiping out the US navy forces. It was under such circumstances that Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor, which disabled the US navy forces from fight back for at least half a year. However, Japan also dragged US into a war that it wasn’t intending or keen to fight in the first place. As shown in Figure 2, Dr. Seuss published the cartoon right after the news of Pearl Harbor spread in the US. In this cartoon titled “The End of the Nap”, the US figure that was sleeping in his arm chair seems to be completely baffled by the attack by the Japanese soldiers from different directions. The look of the eagle somewhat reflected the initial response of the US society to the attack: being completely shocked. The Japanese soldiers in the cartoon were portrayed as despicable, ugly, short and mean figures, making fun of the US as they attacked on it. These images were in alignment with the common perception of Japanese people in the US society. The fact that the bullies look so despicable added to the anger of the American, which laid solid foundations for the involvement of the US in WWII. This cartoon again showed people that isolation was not the right strategy for the Americans, However, the emphasis has shifted to the anger towards the Japanese.

Within three days of the news of Pearl Harbor, AFC collapsed as very few Americans was still holding isolationism thoughts. Their anger was ignited by the loss of lives at Pearl Harbor and the immoral action of the Japanese. After the initial shock and anger, there followed the thirst for revenge. The attack on Pearl Harbor was successful, only for the short terming. From the international perspective, the attack was a complete failure. While Germany was smart enough not to mess with the US until it was ready, Japan was not. Assuming from the behaviors of the US from 1939 to 1941, it would have waited at least until Germany and the Soviet Union were both exhausted. Meanwhile, Japan was trapped in the wars between China and the Soviet Union (for defense purposes). It also targeted the Southeast Asia and Pacific at the same time, making its forces largely scattered, which finally led to its fate of failure.

During the attack, Japan managed to sink many US ships, there were still a few that avoided the attack. Although loss of these ships has greatly impaired the ability of the US navy, it served to united the Americans. The industry of the US was among the top of the world, enabling it to rebuild the navy forces within a year. In Figure 3, published by Dr. Seuss on December 30, 1941, the looks on the face of the eagle representing the US changed from being shocked to determined, as Germany and Japan teamed up in the shadows getting armed to attack it. On the ground, there are two bricks with labels of “Manilla” and “Pearl Harbor”, which apparent acted as the motivation of war for the country later. Holding a book named “Rules for a Gentleman’s Conduct in Combat”, the eagle seems vulnerable compared to the fully armed bullies. Thus, the title of the cartoon suggests that “time to swap the old book for a set of brass knuckles”. With the attack on Pearl Harbor, the public opinion of the US on the WWII issues had never been so united. In addition, the US had what it takes to win the war, the powerful industries and ability to produce, as its “brass knuckles”.

In conclusion, Pearl Harbor was truly the turning point of WWII, since it completely changed the attitude of Americans and make the nation united against Japan and Germany. In fact, the influence of Pearl Harbor went beyond North America. On the 9th, December 1941, two days after the attack, China declared war on Japan, followed by Australia, New Zealand, and Canada (History.com). The crazy action of Japan had confirmed for them that fighting back was the best chance they had. From the initial ignorance, to the shock right after the attack, and finally to the determination of the US in fighting the Nazis, the three cartoons of Dr. Seuss have vividly depicted the change of mentality of the US before and after WWII.

Reference: MLA

Dowswell, Paul. Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941. Hodder Wayland, London, 2004.

History.com. Pearl Harbor. Accessed from: http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor

Nel, Philip. Dr. Seuss: American Icon. Continuum, New York, 2004.

United States History. American First Committee. Accessed from: http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1643.html

Appendix: Figures

Figure 1. The old Family bath tub is plenty safe for me! Theodor Seuss Geisel, published by PM Magazine on May 27, 1941. Dr. Seuss Collection, MSS 230. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UC San Diego

Figure 2. The End of the Nap, Theodor Seuss Geisel, published by PM Magazine on December 9, 1941. Dr. Seuss Collection, MSS 230. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UC San Diego

Figure 3. Time to swap the old book for a set of brass knuckles, Theodor Seuss Geisel, published by PM Magazine on December 30, 1941, Dr. Seuss Collection, MSS 230. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UC San Diego

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