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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Network public domain，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了网络公共领域。公共领域，是一个国家和社会之间的公共空间，公民们认为他们可以在这个空间中自由发言，没有国家控制，公民个体聚集在一起共同讨论与他们自身利益相关的公共事务，对抗公共权力形式。网络中是否存在公共领域，不同学者有不同观点，但网络的重要功能是引导公共舆论，网民通过网络政治表达可以促进网络公共领域的形成，通过网络参与政治，提出意见和建议，与政府之间形成互动，网络政治表达自由权的行使要求存在一个具有理性和共识性特征的网络公共领域。

In the context of liberalism, there is little difference between the meaning of the public sphere and that of public opinion. This concept comes into being because of the inherent interaction between the state and society. Referred to the public domain, habermas thinks "it is a private collection and into the category of the public, is a public space between state and society, citizens believe that they can free speech in this space, there is no state control and individual citizens gathered to discuss public affairs related to their own interests, against public authority form." The existence of the public sphere is necessary, because the public nature of state power determines that it must be limited and monitored, only in this way can the interests of the people be better served and the will of the people be safeguarded. Whether there is a public domain network, different scholars have different views, but the most important function of network is to guide public opinion, netizens political expression through the network can promote the formation of the network public sphere, through the network to participate in the political, put forward opinions and Suggestions, and the formation of interaction between the government, network political expression freedom to exercise the request there is a rational and characteristics of network public sphere of consensus.

Cyberspace is a good place for users to form public opinions. Citizens on the Internet for public issues to discuss, view, the formation of public opinion, compared with our previous cognitive public sphere, the rise of the public sector is based on the technology of new media to traditional the reshaping of the public domain, the traditional construction of the public domain by the mass media dissemination carrier, such as TV, newspaper, etc., then the formation of the public sphere restricted by the condition such as time, space, and public opinion in conveying process easy distortion, and impossible to realize real-time interaction and communication, network under the new media technology in the field of public building is broke through the constraints of these problems, enables citizens to speak freely, Dare to express the true self, different opinions collide with each other to form public opinion, which reflects the public character and is closer to the public sphere elaborated by habermas in a sense.

Network political expression is the process of network public sphere formation, the process of personal politics to a public political opinions, sublimation to public opinion, the formation of the public domain, "public areas open to all citizens in principle, private collections and to become a public conversation, when public increased, the mass media is required to communicate" whether there is such a kind of public sphere in cyberspace, comprehensive consideration, in fact, there are difficulties in the process of construction. First of all, Internet users' online political expression is irrational, impulsive and blind, which may lead to Internet tyranny and mob. Due to the unequal social status of citizens and their unequal discourse power, some topics discussed on the Internet are only partial to some individuals and groups, while others are excluded from the discussion. Class this group such as farmers, because of the lack of media literacy, in the network political expression for the participation of public affairs, far behind the upper-middle-class group, it is difficult to speak for themselves, through the network to public the characteristics of the lack of representativeness and universality and at the same time, young people like entertainment information received, and for public affairs information is not too much attention, some serious public issues cannot be relayed to them through the network, so these groups may be excluded from the issue. The knowledge structure and quality of Internet users vary greatly, and Internet users cannot really participate in the discussion of some public issues, which also restricts the formation of the public sphere to some extent. In addition, compared with ordinary netizens, Internet opinion leaders have more resource advantages and can guide the direction of online public opinions. "Freedom of expression is an important constitutional right, a civil right, and a fundamental human right." However, the freedom of Internet political expression lacks democracy. Secondly, public opinion requires citizens to have a rational critical consciousness. Netizens often express their opinions on public issues irrationally, and some just express their emotions. They do not think deeply and distinguish the deeper things behind the issues. Therefore, there is a long way to go to construct the network public domain in practice. Although new media technology develops continuously and provides convenient means for citizens to participate in network politics, the network discussion space formed is not necessarily the public domain.

In recent years, Internet communication carriers, including weibo, WeChat and BBS, have made them more multi-dimensional and real-time than traditional media. Internet users can freely participate in the discussion of public events and have more free space to speak. With this platform, Internet users can freely exchange opinions and form public opinions. There is a constant debate about the public domain of the Internet, but we cannot simply equate the political expression of the Internet with the public domain of the Internet. There are essential differences between the two. The concept of network political expression is relatively broad, and the content expressed by netizens is not restricted, which may have the characteristics of non-political and irrational, or it may only be personal views but cannot form public opinions. In the public domain of the Internet, the contents expressed by netizens are related to public affairs, and their opinions and opinions are necessarily political and rational, which eventually rise to public opinions and form public opinions. Therefore, the two cannot be simply drawn equal, or it may ignore the existence of the network public domain necessary and value.

Although there are many barriers to building a network public sphere, but in today's globalization and increasingly diversified, we can't deny the network public sphere on huge role in the development of democratic politics, on how to build better network public sphere I put forward several Suggestions: first of all, of the citizen's self-awareness and political participation. The improvement of citizen consciousness can start from establishing citizen subject consciousness, enhancing right and obligation consciousness and strengthening social responsibility. In the process of political democratization, citizens' awareness of self consciousness and political participation, citizens to correctly locate themselves, actively through the network platform, to engage in public topic, consciously cultivate consciousness of political participation, to realize that the publicness of the public domain and equality, regardless of their status to actively participate in discussion of public issues, objective, rational, within the limits of the law to allow for political expression. Second, citizens to improve the ability of information to identify and media literacy, the information given by the complicated network, how to identify, analyze, from the huge amounts of information and communication needs certain skills and abilities, citizens need to keep rational mind and self responsibility consciousness, avoid blind to participate in discussions and irrational emotional catharsis, and avoid a network mob and tyranny. Finally, the government should manage and guide the network reasonably, and it is necessary for the government to supervise the public domain of the network, so as to solve various problems in its development process and develop in a more positive direction. But in the process of management and to follow the principle of "moderate", giving citizens a free space, not too much network political expression of the citizen rights, safeguard citizens have certain autonomy and equality, can guarantee the network public sphere autonomous organization, development and activity, equality, rational communication and dialogue, otherwise may cause resistance due to the excessive control and make the citizens, not conducive to the construction of network public sphere order and social stability.

The establishment and perfection of the network public sphere is not achieved overnight, often face all kinds of difficulties in the process of practice, after all it has to do with social reality of the public sphere is different, more complexity, so we need to form a good interactive relationship between government and citizens, citizens should not only strengthen the subject consciousness and right consciousness, more objective, rational, independent thinking, of public affairs and public issues have independent judgment. For managers, while respecting citizens' right of political expression, they should also do a good job in supervision, balance the relationship between the two, and better construct the network public domain.

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