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本篇paper代写- Design and science讨论了设计与科学。设计与科学都是人类的理性活动，并与人们的生活息息相关。现今设计与科学高度融台，科学知识与科学理论已经逐渐成为设计中的重要组成部分，而设计具有的创新与整合的属性也在不断地影响着科学。随着时代的不断发展，设计已经不只是科学的载体，科学也不只是设计的手段，设计与科学中各学科相互交叉融合、共同发展。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Design and science are both rational activities of human beings and are closely related to people's life. At present, design and science are highly integrated, and scientific knowledge and theory have gradually become part of the soup of design. On the contrary, design itself has the attributes of innovation and integration that constantly affect science, so what kind of relationship exists between science and design and what kind of development they will have in the future. Through the analysis of the concept of the essence of design and science, the law of research, and the actual cases and research data of the two in practical application, the paper concludes that design and science are gradually moving towards a high degree of integration. Finally, through the above conclusions, it is reasonably speculated that the relationship between design and science will develop into the final conclusion of mutual integration and collaborative innovation.

Design is a rational activity of human beings. From the perspective of human development and daily life, design plays a very important role. Similarly, as the science of human rational activities, how does it relate to design? The development of science promotes the continuous progress of design, and the development of new technology and new materials enables people to experience a more diverse life. At the same time, the continuous maturity of design is also affecting the progress of science, science has formed in the practice of engineering aesthetics, structural aesthetics, technical aesthetics, micro-biological aesthetics. The interdisciplinarity has laid the foundation of material civilization and spiritual civilization in modern society in the 21st century. With the continuous development of The Times, design is not only the carrier of science, science is not only the means of design, design and science in the cross integration of various disciplines, common progress, common innovation.

For a long time, the definition between design and science is in a relatively fuzzy state. With the development of design and the maturity of design theory, human life is full of a variety of designs. What is the difference and connection between design and science? Bauhaus headmaster gropius once proposed that "design is the unity of science and art". As for design, professor liu guanzhong positioned it as "the third kind of wisdom besides science and art", and other theories defined that design should be the product of the mutual combination and integration of art and science, rather than belonging to either side of art and science. Design is the rational activity of human beings. All the definitions of the former divide design and science into two parts. In the case of continuous development of design and science, the relationship between design and science should be mutual integration and collaborative innovation.

Before discussing the relationship between design and science, let's talk about the concepts of design and science. Design is a creative activity close to art. This is also destined to design and art between the inseparable relationship. Vasari, an art theorist, regarded design as the father of "all art". The machine mass production brought by the late industrial revolution changed the concept of design, which broke through the limitation of pure art and began to involve in other fields. With the refinement of division of labor in design, the design industry also became more diversified. How to define the essence of design, Bruce archer thought: "design is a problem solving activity aiming at the goal." "Design is an activity designed to improve reality," says wojciech gatesparsky. The definition given by the school of design of Carnegie Mellon university in the United States is: "design is the process of elevating objects from their existing conditions to better use conditions". It can be seen that one of the essence of design is a process of solving problems, and design is a problem solving activity. Design is thought of as asking questions, solving problems, and so on, until the design solution finally takes shape. In this way, design is to further study the problem paradigm, problem model and its solution. Design is the core element of the creative humanization of science and technology, as well as the key element of cultural and economic exchange. Klaus klippendorf once put forward: "design is a conscious form of creation for human needs. So design is a creative activity, innovation or creation is a feature of all design. To sum up, design is a process of solution, and one of its essence is innovation.

As for the nature of science, the President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out in the first issue of science and technology tide in 1998 that "the nature of science is constantly creating new knowledge and pursuing new truth", which shows that the nature of science is innovation. The modern view of the nature of science is influenced by constructivism, which maintains that the nature of science is scientific inquiry. The essence of science is a scientific exploration activity, a process of continuous innovation and solution, and design is also. As Philip stark once pointed out, "the essence of design is continuous transcendence and exploration".

There is a big difference between objects in scientific concepts and objects that humans actually touch. To be recognized, transmitted and accepted, scientific knowledge needs to pass through some form or certain logical structure, and the communication of design also needs corresponding means. In design, the reality reflected in a design work is also different from the reality in the concept of natural state. The essence of design is not only the self-expression of the designer, but also the design for the purpose of deliberate design, which is a kind of long-term communication. For example, today's popular culture is largely related to the style of 20th century streamline design and pop style. Taking the popular style of clothing as an example, it basically takes 30 years as a cycle, so as to prove that this phenomenon is the inheritance of some design idea or inner spirit, or the dialogue and cooperation between designers and predecessors. To sum up, no matter it is pure art or design, its inner spirit or thought will be spread because of a certain work or artistic style, and the person or work inheriting these spirits and spirit together constitute a whole, forming a cooperative relationship in continuous inheritance and repeated confirmation. Looking at the development of science and its research rules, most of the scientific research in human reality has been developed gradually by inheriting the research results of predecessors. Design communicates in the form of form or structure and style, while science communicates in the form of theory, data and formula. Carry out scientific experiments according to the plan, and draw approximately correct conclusions repeatedly until they are finally proved to be true.

As for the concept of morphology, in biology, Goethe pointed out that morphology is a discipline that reveals the essence of morphology. Design morphology is a discipline specialized in the study of morphology in the field of design, and is an important research platform for design science. Its main content is to conduct research on the modeling rules of morphology, and to study the essence and rules behind morphology through the appearance of morphology. Gropius once pointed out that "design is the unity of science and art". Although this sentence emphasizes the design has the property of science, but for artistic attributes in the design of this part, is often a lack of certain scientific basis, design work is often has seen and heard as well as good or bad, so the author thinks that the research and development of design morphology theory is gradually to design scientific and theoretical, law, from the early stage of the design input, medium-term support and auxiliary design, to the design of the evaluation stage, will have clear standards and theoretical system. On the contrary, the second edition of the encyclopaedia of the Soviet union once pointed out that "science is a system of knowledge about nature, society, thinking and its objective development that has been formed and developed on the basis of social practice. Starting from actual facts, science reveals the essential connection of phenomena ". According to this definition, the author thinks that science is also the study of the essence and laws of things, and that science is a kind of structural relationship, which is always quantified and expressed in mathematical terms in the more developed scientific fields. Both design and science reveal the essence and rules behind the phenomenon, and promote human's understanding of things from the level of perception to the level of cognition, and finally reach the true knowledge.

To sum up, no matter it is design or science, it is in constant innovation, through the continuous integration of information and theoretical knowledge of all aspects, gradually confirm the rationality of things.

As a kind of tool, the essence of automobile is movement. In fact, traditional automobile design has been doing static form design. When automobile is at rest, at low speed or at high speed, its environment is different, and its shape should be changed accordingly in order to better adapt to the environment. IntelligentAerodynamic Automobile, a concept car launched by mercedes-benz in 2015, has simulated more than 300 changes according to aerodynamics. By changing its appearance, the wind resistance coefficient can be changed from 0.25 to 0.19, which is different from the previous vehicle's way of adding spoiler or raising tail fin. IAA is adjusted as a dynamic body. The speed is greater than 80km/h, the front fender moves about ±20mm in the X direction, the inner wall of the front grille moves 60mm in the Y direction, the 8-segment ring tail located at the rear of the car extends 390mm, and the concave value in the hub changes from 55mm to 0mm. This is a perfect combination of aerodynamics and styling design. Aerodynamics is not only a tool used to test the wind resistance coefficient of the automobile, but also the styling is no longer a static shell. Different disciplines combine and guide each other to form the product of collaborative innovation.

Everything in nature is an irregular form, a dynamic equilibrium state of various factors such as form, structure and material. Traditional architectural design, excessive pursuit of form balance and strict function, will cause the building to its environmental factors extremely sensitive. Nonlinear architecture solves this problem fundamentally. The design under non-linear thinking is full of contradictions, and the architectural design is in continuous motion, not pursuing extreme symmetry. In this way, a more harmonious balance can be found in the movement. The regional environment has a significant influence on the selection of architectural form, the determination of structure and the optimization of space. Architectural design should make use of the environment to create, so that works can better form a harmonious system with the surrounding environment. Buildings should not be isolated from the natural environment. Nonlinear architectural design USES the theory of design and nonlinear science to make the final architectural form appear a natural state, which is the perfect embodiment of collaborative innovation between design and science.

The so-called "singularity" is the point at which the future man and technology become one. Based on this concept, design and science will cross and integrate with each other in future design. With the progress of science, continuous development and new theories and experimental data are constantly refreshing people's cognition of the world. In terms of design, the Mercedes global design director Gordon Wagner on future vehicle design is also put forward the "ONE BALL" design concept, in the concept of the concept, with the continuous development of AI technology, design and AI technology will reach a high degree of alignment, the future of the automobile design will completely get rid of the appearance of the existing design, car will have no two cases, 3 cases of concepts, nor driving space, space, storage space, the distinction between car maybe is not a car, but a computer automation. In a future where design and science are integrated and innovated together, cars may not exist.

From the perspective of human development and daily life, design has penetrated into every aspect of human activities. The essence of design is innovation and integration. Just like science, it has been developed through various conjectures, speculations and confirmations and mutual integration of information of various disciplines. With the continuous development of The Times, design is no longer just a carrier of science, nor is science just a means to be used for design. Design and science should be mutually crossed, in-depth guidance, common progress and collaborative innovation. Tsinghua university professor Qiu Song according to the current trend of the development of science and technology, on the basis of the natural form and synthetic form, puts forward the concept of wisdom form, which is the concentrated reflection of highly collaborative design and science, also highlights in addition to design the height of the art and science attribute is unified, not only for the future design outline a clear outline, also provide a steady stream of source for design.

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