浅谈丝绸之路-留学生作业辅导－r51due

英国essay论文精选范文：“浅谈丝绸之路”，这篇论文讨论了丝绸之路。古代的丝绸之路其实是一条经济贸易的通道，所有东西方的商品都可以在此进行交换。丝绸之路实际上并不是一条明确的路，只是一个通道，或是一个交流带，这个通道是东起中国、西达欧洲、连接亚欧大陆的交通带，极大地促进了欧亚非各国和中国的友好往来。

The Silk Road proposed by Li Xiofen mainly refers to a land passage between Europe and Asia, halfway through the hinterland of Asia, in the arid desert, Gobi and plateau from the oasis connected. In the middle there are lanes, such as starting from Xi'an by the Hexi Corridor to Dunhuang, in Xinjiang is divided into South, Central and North Road, which South and Central to Kashi and merged into a climb over the Pamirs after the plateau Central Asia. Through the Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, mainly in Central Asia two river basin, arrived in the Iranian plateau, and then to reach the Mediterranean coast. In fact, this line in the Chinese ancient books, "Sui Pei moment Biography" has been recorded, although somewhat different, but generally similar.

The earliest proposed maritime Silk Road, or can be regarded as French scholar Chavannes, in 1903, he wrote in his book "West Turkic Historical Materials," said the Silk Road can be divided into two land and sea. In 1968, the Japanese three Long Takumi published "explore the Silk Road on the sea." In China, Chen Yan is the earliest concern and research on the Maritime Silk Road scholar, he was formally proposed in 1980, and then published a series of articles on the Maritime Silk Road article. India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, China, South Korea and Japan, among other countries in the world, including Italy, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Oman, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka.

On the grassland Silk Road put forward, there is no more a clear statement. Western scholars more referred to as the prairie road, in fact, is a natural grassland channel. Because in the Eurasian geographical environment, North Asia, cold tundra and sub-arctic coniferous forest, Central Asia and the Gobi Desert and mountains, only in the latitude of 40 degrees to 50 degrees between the mid-latitudes, is conducive to The east-west traffic of mankind. The area is just the grassland, west to Central and Eastern Europe can be connected to the south across the Altay Mountains can be connected to Xinjiang, to the southeast can lead to China's Central Plains region.

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On the Silk Road in China, the Chinese scholar Xu Pingfang in "Archeology on the Silk Road seen in China," the article mentioned four, one of the Han and Tang Dynasties through the Hexi Corridor to the Western Regions Road, which is silk The main route of the road, it is due to the Xinjiang Taklimakan Desert and Central Asia through a number of desert areas known as the Silk Road desert route; Second, the Prairie Silk Road in northern China; Third China Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet southwest Silk Road; Fourth, China's southeast coastal maritime Silk Road.

From the Eurasian East-West cultural exchange channel, now more recognized Silk Road has three routes: the desert oasis Silk Road, Silk Road and the Silk Road on the prairie. A true complete description of the three Silk Road scholars to the number of famous Chinese and foreign exchange history expert Huang Shi, he in 1991 for the China Silk Museum exhibition drawn a network of the Silk Road full map, this map Huang Shi has a paper, by his consent Included in the "History of Chinese silk," a book.

Southwest Silk Road, from Sichuan to Tibet, Nepal and arrived in India, or Dali into Myanmar. But since then it can be divided into two, all the way north to Central Asia, into the desert Silk Road, the other way south connected to the sea Silk Road.

The maritime Silk Road is an important reason for the formation of the Arab maritime navigation technology, including shipbuilding technology, sailing, as well as the accumulation of marine knowledge. At the same time, people's further understanding of marine knowledge and navigation tools innovation, especially the compass application and mapping, making the sea Silk Road sailing more smoothly.

The Silk Road is formed in the background of the development of world civilization. From now, the formation and development of the Silk Road can be divided into three major stages of the grassland Silk Road to the early Iron Age to the early days of the desert and oasis Silk Road Warring States mainly to the Han and Tang Dynasties and the sea Silk Road-based period of the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

As early as 5,000 years ago, the world's ancient civilizations have taken shape, ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India and China four ancient civilizations located in the world, in Europe is Minoan and Mycenaean civilization. But the people of this period of grassland almost nothing. When the whole world into the Bronze Age, these areas of civilization are relatively concentrated in the middle is a transition zone of civilization, and cultural exchanges to choose the most convenient ways to rely on nomadic grasslands to carry out, so people on the vast expanse of grassland The nation began to understand. On the Eurasian steppes, from east to west, there are activities of their presence.

2000 years ago, the East and West, respectively, there were two major things, the formation of the Silk Road, the desert line caused a huge impact. On the west side is the rise of Alexandria and the Roman Empire in the East is the period of the Han Dynasty Zhang Qian Tong Western Regions.

In 336 BC, Alexander conquered and ruled the whole of Greece. Then he began the campaign against the East, wiped out the mighty Persian Empire, and occupied most of India. From the beginning of the Han Dynasty, located in the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually strong, on the one hand they frontal war with the Huns, on the other hand also in conjunction with other tribes siege the Huns. In 139 BC, the emperor sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, but Zhang Qian was a Western region was imprisoned by the Huns, fled several years later Changan. In 119 BC, Zhang Qian once again to the Western Regions. This time, Zhang Qian and his deputy, soldiers and other 300 people, carrying cattle and sheep million, gold coins from tens of millions of Chang'an, arrived in Wusun (now Xinjiang) after the deputy to send, deputy to Dawan, Kang Habitat, Tai Yuet, big summer and other countries. In this way, a desert in Gobi through an oasis of the Silk Road together on the basic form.

Once the channel is formed, we all begin to take advantage of this channel. The state-led military forces also began to manage and maintain the smooth flow of the Silk Road. The territory of the Tang Dynasty is more vast, the establishment of the four major provincial government, around the border operation, are strongly in the protection and management of the Silk Road. This situation has been the rise of Arabia, especially in the high-Xianzhi after World War II, the Tang Dynasty abandoned the operation of the Silk Road, Central Asia into the hands of Islam, the desert oasis Silk Road gradually decline.

From the Tang Dynasty, the western China gradually split into several sphere of influence, the Central Plains court unable to control the Silk Road. At the same time, China's economic center of gravity to the south, the maturity of coastal ports, the southeastern region of the sea trade has become very active. The rise of the Silk Road on the sea during the Tang and Song dynasties could be seen from a large number of wrecks in the South China Sea. 1998, is late Tang to the early Five Dynasties Blackstone shipwreck in Indonesia near the waters of Belitung Island waters, of which China reached more than 67,000 pieces of porcelain. In 2003, the Indonesian waters near Java was found when the five generation of the sunny wreck ship, of which there are tens of thousands of pieces of Zhejiang Yue porcelain. In addition, the Chinese sea also found a large number of the Southern Song Dynasty shipwreck, such as the famous South China Sea 1 belongs to the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Huaguang reef 1 belongs to the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty. Although the discovery of these wrecks without silk, but does not mean there was no silk, because the sea passage in the Sui and Tang dynasties when the main bulk cargo transported is silk. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the export of porcelain gradually become the main goods, therefore, people also call it "sea ceramic road".

Silk Road is an economic and trade channel, all the East-West goods can be exchanged here. In the Silk Road period, bronze, glass, wool, wheat and jade spread; to the desert road, it is a lot of silk, gold, silverware, glass, wine; to the sea Silk Road, a variety of cloth, spices , Porcelain, dyes, etc. are here to exchange. Therefore, some scholars have put forward different titles, such as jade road, ceramic road, spice road, but not comprehensive, not in a word.

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