Paper代写：The decline of feudalism in Europe－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The decline of feudalism in Europe，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了欧洲封建制度的衰落。恩格斯认为，商业的发展是促使封建制度瓦解的直接因素，其中货币起到了尤为重要的作用。由社会分工进一步促进交换，生产交换便是发现封建制度瓦解的突破口。

Friedrich Inges wrote "On the disintegration of feudalism and the generation of nation-state" in late 1884, and plans to use it as a revised version of his 1850 book, "German Peasant". Engels used the Analytic method of historical materialism to demonstrate that nation and country is a historical category, which has the natural historical process of producing, developing and disappearing. The viewpoint of Marx and Engels is not outdated, still provides the method for reference for our country's contemporary development. This paper analyzes the causes of feudalism disintegration in Western Europe from the angle of historical materialism and explores the Enlightenment to the development of contemporary China.

Engels believed that the development of business was a direct factor in the disintegration of feudalism, in which money played a particularly important role. We believe that the development of commerce must be rooted in the development of agriculture. Engels in the disintegration of feudalism and the generation of nation-state did not focus on the analysis of agricultural factors, but from the whole article, we can see that agriculture is pregnant with the seeds of advanced capitalist factors, so we try to from the agricultural factors.

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"The quiet work of the oppressed class destroys feudalism throughout Western Europe and creates conditions that weaken the status of feudal." The main thing in agriculture is not the parasitic and squeezing of the nobles, but the labor of the peasants. With the development of productive forces and the continuous progress of agriculture, Engels from the beginning of the oppressed class from the internal search for contradictions with the progressive forces. Engels found the flickering point of disintegration of feudalism from the oppressed peasant class-labor. He saw the flourishing agricultural and peasant labor under the oppression of the nobles, which saw the peasants liberating their own material force.

Due to the development of labor, that is, the continuous development of productive forces, the Division of labor more clearly. From the social division of Labor to further promote the exchange, and production Exchange is the breakthrough of Marx and Engels found the disintegration of feudalism, but also the essence of Marx and Engels Historical analysis methodology, production exchange further promoted the development of commodity economy. Engels mentioned in the article: "Elsewhere, particularly within Germany, new cities have been built, medieval handicrafts developed, the initial capital accumulated, and the need for commercial interaction between cities and between cities and the outside world, and the need to protect business from one another. We can see the development of the commodity economy formed by the Division of labor, the irresistible. The social division of labor further promotes the exchange, and the production exchange is the breakthrough of Marx and Engels to discover the disintegration of feudalism.

"Here, the Citizen class has a powerful weapon against feudalism--money." Now all this has changed completely. Money has become a popular means of exchange, so the amount of money has increased greatly. A nobleman has no currency. Engels from the commodity exchange from the monetary level, analyze the objectivity of historical development, analysis of the feudal aristocracy can not live again in the dominant position, can no longer meet the needs of self-sufficiency, also can no longer grasp the economic base, thus losing the political system in the rural social basis, shaking its dominant position.

The exchange and circulation of the currency as the general equivalent is expanding day by day, the deep reason for the craze of gold is the constant enlargement of the primitive accumulation of the bourgeoisie. With the continuous development of productive forces and the continuous expansion of production exchange, currency as the general equivalent of the exchange is the largest pursuit of the new bourgeoisie, from a country to many countries, countries to the world's development has historical and objectivity, conform to the historical trend of development, from backward to advanced development. "At the end of the 15th century, the currency had corrupted and eroded feudalism from the inside, and it was clear from Western Europe that it was fascinated by the heat of gold in this period." The word gold is the mantra that drives the Spaniards across the Atlantic to America; Gold is the first thing a white man needs when he embarks on a newly discovered coast. ”

"A certain degree of world trade has developed ... The aristocracy became more and more superfluous and hindered development, while the citizens became the class that embodied the further development of production, trade, education, social system and political systems. The primitive accumulation of capital is the intrinsic essential requirement of commodity economy development. In the process of primitive accumulation of capital, we seek market, raw materials and cheap labor in various parts of the world. Therefore, Engels also saw that the exchange of goods must break through the historical inevitability of national boundaries, analyze the profound historical root of feudal can not be self-sufficient, the superstructure of feudal system gradually separated from its economic base, and had shaken.

Engels here clearly pointed out that the 15th century Western Europe for feudalism weak, the emergence of civil society, the rise of the city, money and other advanced factors have made feudal political level began to yield. However, there is another situation, because of the invasion and looting of other colonial countries, as the peasant class because of its weak, have to join the crown for help. So from the exploration and analysis of social relations naturally transferred to the national relations. "The inhabitants themselves are too weak to fulfill their desires, so they seek strong support for the entire feudal leader, the crown." Here we go from exploring social relations to exploring national relations, from economic to political. Through history we can see that the peasant class is attached to the crown of the road is a misguided, is the kingship to use civil society to consolidate their own power tools and ways, but only the use of the relationship with the use, when the use of the "extraordinary period", the civil society will, as always, by the royal and feudal system of ruthless oppression, Engels in this analysis that the civil society to seek benefits and freedom of the way if only rely on the crown will become a bubble, want to achieve the goal can only be a alternative.

While striving for freedom, the advanced forces of the emerging struggle. On the relationship between kingship and attachment, seemingly loyal soldiers have in fact a series of struggles and assassinations to seek their own freedom and value, which is the inevitable result of historical development, and has developed a vague and powerful revolutionary force for the disintegration of feudalism. "Thus, there is an endless succession of treachery, assassination, poison, conspiracy and all sorts of despicable acts which are hidden behind the wonderful name of chivalry, and do not hinder endless talk of honor and loyalty." ”

The establishment of Roman law is the climax of the political system against feudal system. As the division between the feudal jurist and the secular jurist, the new jurist has the class attribute of the citizen class, thus, the civil society grasps the powerful legal weapon which defends own interest and the benefit. Although Roman law is nominally a tool for the rule of the Crown, and to continue to squeeze farmers to provide weapons, but the essence of Roman law with the anti-feudal forces and modernity has unparalleled progress. "Moreover, the laws that they have learned, taught and applied, are, by their nature, against feudalism and in some ways civil class." "Obviously, the establishment of Roman law is a significant advance in the superstructure of the disintegration of feudalism.

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