paper代写：Gender Inequality in Sports－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Gender Inequality in Sports，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了体育的性别不平等。在过去，女性是不允许参加体育比赛的，因为政府认为她们的身体结构不能忍受这样的艰苦训练。虽然随着时间的过去，许多锦标赛允许女性参加比赛。但如今，依旧许多人认为由于身体和精力的缺乏，女性不能参加一些高能量运动。从这方面来看，体育方面的性别歧视最为明显。

Introduction

Recently, Qing Dao holds the 2017 Chinese Nationals in Guosen sports center stadium. According to the news from SwimSwam, “Olympic medalists Fu Yuanhui, a humorous girl, gave China a great showing in the 100 back on day 4 of the 2017 Chinese Nationals”. In this Chinese Nationals, Fu got a new Chinese National Record, which won the 100 back in 58.72. As a faithful fan, I’m glad to see that this record definitely has cleared her own former record of 58.76 from the 2016 Rio Olympics.

In fact, in the past, sportswomen were not allowed to participate all kinds of athletic competition, since the government has thought that their body structure can noy tolerate such hard exercises, although in fact, they had enough abilities and energies to do. Although, as time goes by, many championships allow women to participate in some sports competitions, such as tennis in 1900 Olympic Games and boxing in 2012 Olympic Games, some sports still prohibit women from joining, such as hand ring. Many people think women are not able to attend some high energy sports due to their weak physical and energy, from this aspect, we can see that people actually have a strong sense of gender discrimination(Jönsson, 253-254). The most obvious example of the gender discrimination in sports is about Olympic Games, which have a long historical movement.

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Historical Context

The early Feminism movement started at the end of the nineteenth century, which is the first tide of liberating the women. The central topic is to call for the absolute equality between men and women and also for women’s civil rights, political rights and emphasized that the intellectual quality and talent of men and women have no differences (Riley 56-59). The capitalist argued that everyone is born equal but it is just on the surface, while in the reality, women still haven’t get the equal status and the gender discrimination is still rather serious(Billings 78). During that time, women’s status was not improved though the people’s living standard was improved greatly with the fast development of the whole society. This fact has made the feminists dissatisfied, but this feminist movement did not achieve its desired success (Higgs 189).

The history of Olympic Games has undergone three phases from prohibiting women attending the race to allow them to attend. In 1896, when the modern Olympic Games first held, only male were permitted to participate in it. But at that time, the women accounted for 51% of the population in the whole world, who were excluded from the Olympic Games (Handley, 100-103). Confronting with the serious gender discrimination, women started to rebel and fight for their equality with men.

The first one who proposed that holding the sporting meeting just for female and established women’s sports association is a French woman called Alice Milliat. In 1921, from the Vice Sport reported, she made an official request for women's athletics (track and field) at the Olympics. Although she was refused, she did not give up. After that, she successfully hosted the first Women’s Olympics Games in Paris with the help of ISFI. Alice Milliat made great contributions to the spread of women’s movement and increased the women’s influence in the world.

Although the long-term and the effective fighting for the equality between men and women in sports, the process of women’s attending to the Olympic Games is slow and hard. On the one hand, women need to win the respect and understanding of man and to substantiate their sports talent through outstanding achievements in the sports meeting. On the other hand, it also required the firm supports the international feminism movement. But in this historical phase, not only in the sports field, even in the political life of the western countries, women haven’t been gifted the equal power and right with men.

But in 1936, Germany is the first country who claimed that the international race competition shouldn’t take the repellent attitude to women but let them shoulder the responsibility of organizing the women’s competition, therefore, the women’s field and track events were officially put into the scale of international track and field competition. Through the long-terms fortitude, women’s courage and achievements of attending the Olympic Games make the people around the world take a totally new attitude towards them. Nowadays, the achievements of a large number of women have closely approached and even exceeded men’s achievements after the women were received systematically training. But in the Olympic history, the female athletes were not allowed to participate in the relevant sport competitions. Commonly, people think that the strength of female athletes is not as good as the male athletes. In this case, based on Wiederkehr’s statement (567), the females often used the drugs-male hormones to improve their physical functions with the purpose to gain good expected results in the competitions. In this case, it is not fair for other female athletes who do not use such drug. Meanwhile, the abusage of such drugs forces the sport organizers to do more gender determinations before the competitions, which is also a reason why the Olympic Games do not welcome female athletes once a time. According to her article “Girls and women in sports”, Mottinger states that on the day of February 1st, the Champion athletes have reunited in Capitol Hill to “celebrate the 31st annual National Girls” and “Women in Sports Day”, which is a national observance to celebrate the unbelievable achievements made by girls and women(24). Since 1987, the National Girls and women in Sports Day has empowered women and girls to get moving, do physical activities and challenge their limits. This annual observance is celebrated by the community across the country throughout the year (Mottinger 78).

Present Day Context

In 1800, in the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens, it has followed the tradition that women couldn’t attend any competition event. In 1896, after almost one hundred years’ development, 11 women had participated in golf and tennis competition, the women athletes only account for 0.83% (Pratt 56), which has been the first time to break the tradition. In 2000, in the 27th Olympic Games, the female athletes have reached to 4254 persons, which accounts for 38.1%(Pratt 96). Nowadays, it is reported that the female athletes in China, Canada, and Denmark are more than male athletes. From these statistics, we can see that the female athletes are playing more and more important role in the track and field events.

With the development of the economy and the times, it seems that gender discrimination has been decreasing. From the statistic of women’s participation in 27 Olympics Games, it shows that the percentages of women’s participation have increased from 2.2% to 45%. This also means that women’s participations begin to be close to the participation of men, and this supports the promotion of the equality between women and men.

Although the issue of gender discrimination seems like eliminated, it still has been here in the shade of many events. In fact, in some countries, women are still not allowed to completely attend in Olympics Game. Especially for Iran. Women in Iran still have to wear Hijab, which is a head covering, even when they participate in Olympics Games.

In the 2016 Rio Olympics, Iranian women competed in taekwondo, rowing, track and field (shot put), table tennis, shooting and archery. However, in every instance, they had to wear the state-enforced Islamic hijab. Even during the life of Olympics Games on television in Iran, staff always make mosaic to hide women’s body, however, Iranian men can wear everything they want as other countries’ athletes. The following picture shows that the broadcast for female athletes who competed in 2016 Olympics by the Iranian Sports Channel.

Critical Conversation

Therefore, gender discrimination is still a problem in the world. In people’s eyes, gender Discrimination may result from a raft of unfavorable consequences. They hold the view that everyone in the world, no matter what gender it has, is entitled the same rights. They are the products of the creators. They should be respected and at least treated equally. To begin with, women can make great contributions to the sports field as men. From the world record, women from different countries have got a raft of gold medals and a great success. People hold the view that women should have the same rights to participated in various sports competition to make the honor for their country. No matter girls or women, if they have been systematically trained and have the courage to go, they should be given the chance to do the track and field events.

Conclusion

Therefore, how to eradicate the discrimination is a significant topic for us to discuss. Some people state that the cause of discrimination or the stereotype is a lack of understanding. Maybe this is one reason to lead the gender discrimination, so in order to decrease the stereotype, one good way is improving the women’s status. For example, to remove discrimination and stereotype, American has passed a series of laws which aims to abolish the actions of discrimination and protect the rights of women by means of laws. In the future, after improving women’s status, I think the world definitely will become equal for everyone.

Works Cited

Billings, A. C, and S. T. Eastman. "Selective representation of gender, ethnicity, and nationality in American television coverage of the 2000 Summer Olympics. " International Review for the Sociology of Sport 37.3-4(2002):351-370.

Handley, B. M. "An account and explanation of the increased role played by women in the modern olympic games, 1896-1972." (1976):1-201.

Higgs, C. T, K. H. Weiller, and S. B. Martin. "Gender bias in the 1996 Olympic Games - a comparative analysis. " Journal of Sport and Social Issues 27.1(2003):52-64.

Jönsson, K. "Sport beyond gender and the emergence of cyborg athletes." Sport in Society 13.2 (2010): 249-259.

Mottinger, Sue G. "Girls and women in sports." Joperd Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance 69(1998):págs. 41-45.

Riley, Denise. ‘Am I That Name?’: Feminism and the Category of ‘Women’in History. Springer, 1988.

Pratt, J., et al. "Gender differences in print media coverage of the 2004 summer Olympics in Athens, Greece." Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal 17.2(2008):34.

Wiederkehr, Stefan. "‘We shall never know the exact number of men who have competed in the Olympics posing as women’: Sport, gender verification and the Cold War." The International Journal of the History of Sport 26.4 (2009): 556-572.

"Iranian Women Made History at Rio Olympics." Center for Human Rights in Iran. N.p., 05 Sept. 2016. Web. 23 Apr. 2017.

"Women in the Olympic Movement." International Olympic Committee. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2017.

"Fu Yuanhui Downs National Record with 58.7 100 Back at Chinese Nationals." SwimSwam. N.p., 12 Apr. 2017. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.

Rippedsoul1976. "Sports censorship in islamic countries." YouTube. YouTube, 08 Aug. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2017.

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