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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Contemporary Western Popular culture，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了当代西方大众文化。大众文化是当代西方社会的一种主要文化形态。它是西方工业化、城市化、市场化发展的结果，是一种商业化、娱乐化、消费化的文化形态。由于大众文化以满足大众的娱乐、消遣、休闲需求为旨归，因此，它的一个最典型的特征就是对感性欲望的诉求与张扬。而对于这种感性欲望的诉求与张扬，我们既要看到其中所体现的积极性，也要看到它的消极性。

Popular culture is a main cultural form of contemporary Western society. It is the result of Western industrialization, urbanization and marketization, and it is a kind of commercialized, entertaining and consuming cultural form. As the mass culture to meet the public's entertainment, recreation, leisure needs for the purpose, so, it is the most typical feature of the desire for emotional appeal and publicity.

The publicity of the Western mass culture to the perceptual desire is inseparable from the theoretical trend of rewriting the history of perceptual desire in the 20th century. After entering the 20th century, with the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, the hidden danger of industrial civilization, the domination of technological rationality and the expansion of utilitarianism have brought about a serious crisis in the modern value of advocating rationality and publicizing the main body of modern society. The ideological trend of anti-rationalism or irrationality, the supremacy of human nature and the emphasis on individual ego have become the common cultural mentality in the western 20th century. Among them, Nietzsche, Marcuse, Foucault, Lyotard and other thinkers on the relationship between rationality and Sensibility, desire, instinct and other theories have been redefined, against the Enlightenment since the emotional belittle and the body and mind of two yuan. As Nietzsche advocated the return of human to the most natural state, highly affirmed the original instinct and the legitimacy of desire and emotion, against any suppression and control of natural desires of the transaction and moral principles. The Lyotard, as the main representative figure of postmodern, makes a further explanation to the perceptual desire. In his view, desire can provide the intensity of experience, can liberate people from the state of repression, and can bring creativity.

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In addition, Freud's "Happy Principle", Bakhtin's "Carnival Theory" and Marcuse's "Love Desire Theory" have also described the perceptual desire in different degrees. Nietzsche, Lyotard and other theorists to the perceptual life value of the new interpretation, the human perceptual and human experience in a fresh position. They believe that to resist the oppression and materialization of human beings caused by technological rationality, we must restore the real needs and desires of human beings and call for new sensibility. And popular culture is a new cultural model to adapt to this requirement. The popular culture makes the rational person enter the experience, the feeling state, even is the feeling "the fragment" state. Therefore, the result of the interpretation of perceptual desires is to make the mass culture become a kind of cultural form expressing the emotion and desire of the contemporary society, a kind of text expressing desire narration.

In the book "Capitalist Cultural Contradictions," Bell pointed out that the dominant position in contemporary culture is the visual concept, sound and image, especially the latter. Mass culture is a form of perceptual doctrine centered on image and image. An image is a picture. Because of its intuition and direct visual response, the image often has more sensory arousal than other symbols such as language, and thus becomes the best tool to express perceptual desires. One of the important functions of visual image is to make the richness of meaning to the demand of desire. The visual feast and visual revelry brought by contemporary movie dramas, networks, advertisements, media and so on have aroused the public's desire, impulse, subconscious and so on. The appeal of desire is reflected not only in the pleasure of the richness of the visual content, but also in the intensity and impact of visual images. From sexy intuitive to gaudy strong visual appeal, from montage-like Mosaic to the new paradox of image molding, popular culture through the image of the desire to appeal to the direct and frank, everywhere embodies a strong desire for visual pleasure and pleasure experience.

The basic form of mass culture is a culture of happiness principle, a culture of desire. In terms of psychoanalysis, the principle of happiness is directly related to my desires, and its inherent tendency to avoid bitterness makes it a natural choice to embrace happiness and reject misery. This determines the popular culture emphasis on perceptual, entertaining orientation, to the greatest extent to meet people's perceptual entertainment needs. This kind of perceptual characteristic is manifested mainly through the content of mass culture.

In almost all the contemporary Western popular culture products, the expression of human nature is related to people's desires, more or less, or explicit or implicit are inseparable from the elements of emotional stimulation, they make people's deep sense of instinctive desire to get the maximum catharsis, perceptual orientation has become an important feature of mass culture. Some of the contemporary western film and television literature, in the art of creating a strong sense of sensibility and desire, with a large number of metaphors, symbolic hints to play out the lust and sex between men and women, extremely exaggerated the perceptual. On the one hand, the attention to the human life desire, on the other hand, the current desire and impulse. Therefore, from the basic necessities of the world, to pop songs, film and television literature, rock music, advertising, video games, Western perceptual culture of the atmosphere everywhere.

Access to the digital age of mass culture, network, media and other means than any time in the past can more strongly, more thoroughly express an emotional state of visual, auditory, tactile effects. The appeal of emotion has become the core business element of popular culture products such as Western pop songs and film and television programs. such as pop songs are the "Love poems" in the era of mass culture, the theme of pop songs is the affection, which is the infinite feeling of people in life and emotion. People in the lyrics can find an emotional experience, is the people's unlimited emotional and new language. Therefore, the appeal of emotion is constantly triggered, shared, and produced in batches, and is more and more infiltrated into the human emotional world. This popular culture to the emotional appeal as John Neisbick in the "trend", the information Age is a High-tech, high emotional era. He believes that human society is shifting from compulsive technology to high technology and emotional equilibrium, and we must learn to balance the material opportunities of technology with the spirit of humanity.

For the Western mass culture to the perceptual desire and publicity, we should see the enthusiasm embodied in it, but also to see its negative. On the one hand, this kind of popular culture as a product of the modern information society, shows the Western modern society's new life experience and cultural experience. It publicized the perceptual desire, expressed the richness of human nature, diversity and new desires. It reflects a life experience and condition of people under the rich condition of material materials in modern society, it is a kind of psychological release of people's inner anxiety and loneliness, which satisfies the public's spirit and entertainment demand, and becomes a kind of way that people consciously or unconsciously decode reality and create psychological balance, so it has its rationality. On the other hand, as a kind of paradox culture, the Western mass culture has the nature of chasing the profit of the market, which leads to the generalization of the perceptual desire, and the direct consequence of the generalization of perceptual desires is the sustained desire expectation of the people. Driven by the maximization of the interests of the mass culture market, the popular culture tries to publicize the perceptual desire, pursues the rising desire satisfaction, has the serious digestion function to the ultimate thing as the cultural Foundation such as the belief, the belief, the ideal and so on, and will exaggerate the perceptual life value, inevitably causes the desire anxiety and the perceptual life empty. When the desire as a belief, the need as a principle, it will inevitably lead to the ultimate cultural significance of exile, by the vulgar and hedonism of the overflow.

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