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本篇paper代写- Hazards of automobile讨论了汽车的危害性。汽车无疑是人类历史上最伟大的发明之一，也是现代文明的象征。由于汽车提供的便利，人类活动空间也变得更加广阔。然而，汽车的快速发展也给我们带来了各种各样的问题，包括肥胖率的上升、空气污染和交通拥堵。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

The automobile is undoubtedly one of the greatest inventions in human history and acts as a symbol of modern civilization. Human activity space became broader because of the conveniences automobiles provide. With vehicles, people can select their places of residence more freely, enjoy short trips to visit relatives and friends, and shop without worrying about having to carry their “trophies” home. However, the rapid development of car culture brings a variety of problems, including increasing obesity rates, air pollutions, and traffic congestions.

Firstly, the popularity of vehicle transportation is closely correlated with the recent spike in global obesity rates. The advancement in technology created convenient tools for people that have dramatically changed the way they live within decades. However, humans are not physically ready for such conveniences, considering their highly strength-consuming lifestyle only centuries ago. The development of the vehicle culture makes the problem even worse for people who already neglect the importance of maintaining an adequate amount of daily exercises. Driving has become a popular mode of transport compared to walking and cycling, even when it is completely unnecessary to drive. Although driving is not the only reason for obesity, it is strongly correlated with it. Research has shown that by driving an extra hour per day, an individual has an additional six percent chance of obesity (Frank 91). The preference of the public for driving has created challenges related to not only obesity but also other health issues. Increased hours of driving leads to a reduction in exposure to the sun and vitamin D generation, which makes people more susceptible to depression (Parker, Brotchie, and Graham 57).Most people, especially students and office workers, spend time sitting in classes or offices every day, which means most people have few chances for exercise. Although going to gyms is an option for promoting health, few individuals have the time to go. Therefore, walking or cycling present a solution to the problem, by introducing ways to engage in exercises without sacrificing much extra time. For these reasons, driving causes a decrease in physical activity, which can result in obesity and related health complications.

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Secondly, driving severely damages the environment. In 2012, the WHO recognized automobile exhaust as a major source of air pollution; the number of deaths due to air pollution in the world was around seven million (WHO 54). With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles increases every year. Motor vehicle exhaust is a significant contributing factor for haze, photochemical smog, and other kinds of air pollution, significantly harming the environment and public health. To provide an example, Los Angeles experienced a photochemical smog in September 1955 due to increased car exhaust and high temperatures. The photochemical smog affected overall respiratory function, especially the lung function of children. During that time, more than 400 people died in two days, green vegetables growing in the suburbs became brown, the fruit and crop yields suffered, the leaves of trees yellowed, and innumerable trees and plants died. Although pollution of such a high concentration is rarely seen in the developed world, the increasing population of drivers in the developing countries is posing more threats to the environment. There are several important example cities, such as Tokyo, where people take public transportation instead of driving vehicles. Individuals who live in Tokyo are more willing to take public transportation like subways because the subway systems are as convenient as driving a car. Humans are a species that has knowledge and wisdom to discover and develop the resources on the Earth. Now that it is apparent that automotive exhaust emissions destroy the livability of the Earth, humanity has a responsibility to consider other animals, plants, and the environment itself, which humans need to survive. Additionally, all species living on the Earth deserve the same right to life that humans have. Therefore, the public should fund technological projects to improve the condition of the planet to halt the damage to the environment.

Lastly, driving wastes drivers’ time as a result of traffic jams. In this fast-paced society, many individuals believe that driving will help them reach destinations faster, therefore saving time. However, driving is often not the most efficient method of travel because traffic has become increasingly more prevalent, mainly related to the fact that civil engineering and construction cannot compensate for the growing number of cars quickly enough. Thus, traffic congestion has become an inescapable difficulty for large and crowded cities, forcing people to endure the “hypertension” of city traffic. Recently, traffic policies have come into effect to attempt to solve this problem. For instance, the Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system deployed in Singapore is useful in alleviating the congestion problem during rush hours (LTA). Similarly, a tax is levied on all vehicles entering the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) in downtown London. The CCZ tax is also an important measure Britain uses to limit the driving. Furthermore, the British government took steps to restrict parents from shuttling their children to and from school with private vehicles to reduce traffic throughout the day. In the United States, no one has much ability to predict congestion or accidents; so many drivers lose time, making public transportation the better choice.

Though driving saves time in certain situations and comes with advantages, it has also created many problems for modern society, regarding public health, environment, and transportation. Revolutions have already been taking place in the automobile industry, trying to solve the pollution and congestion problems with unmanned driving and enhanced filtering systems on the discharge. However, people should also see the benefit of alternative transportation modes for their effectiveness in improving public health, and reducing the detrimental effects of driving. By taking buses, trains, and bikes, a life style closer to the natural is restored for the public, with reduced environmental and traffic problems.

References

Dalai Lama. “Ethics and The New Genetics,” The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and Spirituality. New York: Morgan Road Books, 2005.187-201. Print.

Frank et al., 2004L.D. Frank, M.A. Andresen, T.L. Schmid. “Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27 (2) (2004), pp. 87–96

Land Transport Authority (LTA). “Managing Traffic & Congestion: Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)”. LTA.https://www.LTA.gov.sg. 2016.

World Health Organization. “The WHO pointed out that the premature death is related to air pollution”. China's Health Policy Research 4 (2014): 54-54.

Parker, Gordon B., Brotchie, Heather, and Graham, Rebecca K. "Vitamin D and Depression." Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 208, 2017, pp. 56-61, doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.082.

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