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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- America's pillar industries，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的支柱产业。美国的支柱产业是不断发展变化的，这背后的决定因素是多方面的，其中最主要的是其工业化发展阶段。长期以来，美国经济不管如何发展，农林产品特别是农业产品始终是其支柱产业之一，这和美国拥有大量的土地、森林等丰富的自然资源是分不开的。美国作为先发的工业化国家，其技术驱动是工业化支柱产业发展的主要驱动力量。

The stage of industrialization determines the general scope of a country's pillar industries. Industries with resource endowment advantages will become the pillar industries of the country for a long time. At some point, a large country can achieve international dominance in many pillar industries at the same time

The process of industrialization is the process of constant optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and constant changes of pillar industries. As a representative of the first industrialized countries, the change process of pillar industries in the United States not only follows the general law of the evolution of industrial structure, but also has its particularity. The study of the changes of pillar industries in the process of industrialization in the United States is helpful to grasp the development and change of China's industry in the future.

Before World War II, the United States mainly relied on market regulation, and later strengthened the guiding role of the government. Before 1860, the light textile industry occupies the main position; from 1860 to 1900, steel and coal grew rapidly, and the electronic, chemical and automobile industries appeared. From 1900 to 1950, the output value of heavy chemicals exceeded that of light textiles, and the steel, machinery and chemical industries developed rapidly. After World War II, the United States focused on developing capital-intensive industries, with steel, automobile and electromechanical as the pillar industries for industrial development. After 1970, we vigorously developed technology-intensive industries, such as aerospace, IC, computer and new materials industries. After 1990, we vigorously developed the information industry and strengthened its integration with other industries.

Compared with other countries, the United States does not have specific industrial policies in most cases, but this does not mean that the U.S. government does nothing about industrial development. In fact, one of the roles of American government is to act as the creator of factors of production. U.S. government agencies at all levels continue to invest heavily in education, science and technology, and infrastructure, sparing no effort to create the factors of production. American government also played an important role in maintaining the order of market competition. It enacted and enforced strict anti-trust laws to maintain a free and open trading system. The U.S. government also plays a vital role in addressing forward-looking challenges, such as space exploration, health care and environmental protection, and creating new space for domestic industries. The Obama administration's plan for the future of the new energy and biotechnology industries falls into this category.

The development and vicissitude of American pillar industry give us many inspirations. To sum up, there are mainly:

The stage of industrialization determines the general scope of a country's pillar industries. The pillar industries of the United States are constantly developing and changing, which are determined by many factors, the most important of which is the stage of its industrial development. Different from the United States, which needs to seek new technological breakthroughs to form new pillar industries, China is currently in the latter half of the middle stage of industrialization, in which the pillar industries are mainly heavy chemical industries. Current our country put forward to take a new road to industrialization, this does not mean without developing heavy industry, it is the heavy industry development must accord with China's national conditions of a new road to industrialization, intensive, high benefit of heavy chemical industry development path, relying on information technology, energy saving and environmental protection technology in areas such as technology innovation, maximize ease the heavy chemical industry development and the contradiction between resources and environment, make the heavy chemical industry can be implemented with minimal resources environmental costs the rapid development of its own. Accelerating the development of the electromechanical industry, especially the equipment manufacturing industry, and increasing their proportion in the heavy chemical industry will be the key to upgrade the industrial structure in the coming period.

Industries with resource endowment advantages will become the pillar industries of the country for a long time. For a long time, no matter how the American economy develops, agricultural and forestry products, especially agricultural products, have always been one of its pillar industries. This is because the United States is rich in natural resources, such as land and forests. Unlike the United States, China's resource endowment advantage is not in natural resources, but in human resources. This has decided in the choice pillar industry aspect must display the human resources superiority. In the face of the current international financial crisis and the rise of trade protectionism, we should, on the one hand, expand domestic demand, on the other hand, stabilize external demand, continue to expand international trade, and turn our advantage in human resources into a real economic advantage. As long as we have a comparative advantage in labor force, we need to continue to develop labor-intensive industries and labor-intensive links in high-tech industries.

At some point, a large country can achieve international dominance in many pillar industries at the same time. For more than 20 years after World War II, the United States gained international competitive advantage in almost all industries. This shows that a big country is different from a small country in that small countries can only concentrate their limited resources on developing one or several industries, while a big country cannot and can develop many industries at the same time in certain special periods. China is a large country with a large population, vast territory, large regional differences and multiple levels of productive forces. Therefore, the development of heavy and chemical industry is the main task at the present stage. It does not exclude some local areas to develop other industries as pillar industries, and it is possible to gain international competitive advantages in many industries.

Vigorously strengthening national defense programs and scientific and technological research will help a country maintain its leading edge in emerging industries. As a first-mover industrialized country, the United States is driven by technology, which is the main driving force for the development of its pillar industries. Under the reality that the gap between China's industrialization degree and developed countries is getting smaller and smaller, this practice can be used for reference. China should vigorously develop the aerospace industry, major aircraft, aircraft carriers and other cutting-edge technology industries, enhance China's independent innovation capacity, and promote the upgrading of China's industrial structure.

The capture of international opportunities is conducive to the cultivation and continuation of a country's pillar industrial advantages. The United States has successfully seized international opportunities, including the two world wars, to expand its competitive industries around the world, and to develop declining industries at home abroad. Since the 1990s, some industries that had been declining at home have even become pillar industries again with the help of information technology. The outbreak of the current international economic crisis will be a rare opportunity for Chinese enterprises to implement the strategy of "going out". We can consider transferring some industries with competitive advantages to other countries.

Giving full play to the role of the government is conducive to the development of pillar industries and smooth transformation. At present, in China's ten major industries adjustment and revitalization plan, it is necessary to further clarify the responsibilities of the government, associations and enterprises. To play the leading role of the government is not to make the government intervene in the micro business activities of enterprises, but to give full play to the role of the government as the provider of production factors, the maintainer of the competitive order, and the decision-maker of forward-looking issues, so as to support the smooth development, transformation and upgrading of pillar industries.

Period of economic revival: while maintaining the development of agriculture and light textile industry, adopting the policy of "key mode of production", increasing steel production with oil and steel aided by the United States, increasing coal production with steel, and promoting the development of sectors such as power and fertilizer.

High-speed economic growth: steel, electric power, shipbuilding, petrochemical, automotive, household appliances as the pillar industries. Belongs to the heavy industry process, the entire industry has realized the high level.

Industrial restructuring period: the oil crisis of 1973 prompted Japan to carry out industrial restructuring. We will vigorously develop the processing and assembling industries and the tertiary industry.

Industrial structure transformation period: vigorously develop emerging high-tech industries such as microelectronics, biological engineering and new materials. The industrial structure has been transformed from external demand-oriented to domestic demand-oriented.

South Korea used foreign loans to complete industrial restructuring.

The first five-year plan: we will vigorously support textile and food processing, with a focus on import substitution. A $350 million loan was used to invest in leading industries such as power, building materials and chemicals.

Second five-year plan: focus on the development of labor-intensive export processing industry. The use of $3.38 billion in loans to promote the serialization and specialization of industrial enterprises.

The third five-year plan lays emphasis on developing technology-intensive industries, vigorously supporting heavy and chemical industries such as machinery, metallurgy, chemistry and electronics, and defines the "ten strategic industries".

Fourth five-year plan: focusing on industrial technology development, 67 percent of foreign loans will go to manufacturing. The transition to industrialization was completed. Established pillar industry.

In the 1990s, South Korea identified 20 industries as key export industries.

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