Essay代写：Modern international relations－r51due

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Modern international relations，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了近代国际关系格局。国际关系格局，指的是在一定时期内，国际上各种基本力量对比所形成的相对稳定的结构和体系。随着大国之间政治、军事、经济力量对比的变化，国际关系格局也会随之调整，乃至彻底改变。当今世界政治格局的多极化趋势，其根源在于世界经济力量结构的多极化。

After the opening of the new shipping routes, the economic development and colonial expansion of Western Europe promoted the emergence and development of capitalism, and the center of international relations began to form in Europe. Has accelerated the process of the industrial revolution, the industrial revolution created a huge productivity, has brought great changes in the social appearance: capitalism eventually overcome feudalism, was the first to complete the western capitalist countries of the industrial revolution gradually establish a rule of the world, the world formed the advanced western and eastern backward situation. The second technological revolution aggravated the imbalance of economic and political development in the capitalist world, and challenged Europe's economic status as the center of international relations, which was surpassed by the United States. The Spanish-American war and Russo-Japanese war opened the prelude to the challenge of European superiority. The struggle between European powers led to the first world war and "weakened European hegemony" to some extent. This weakening is mainly reflected in the declining status of European powers in the capitalist economic system, the declining control over the colonies and the unprecedented impact on the rule of the bourgeoisie.

After world war I, the changes in the balance of power between the imperialist countries made the struggle for world hegemony between them change from the two military groups to the victorious five allied powers -- Britain, France, America, Japan and Italy. On a global scale, the Anglo-American struggle is the principal contradiction; In Europe, the antagonism between Britain and France is severe. In the asia-pacific region, the conflict between Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom is dominated by the struggle between Japan and the United States. From the battlefield to the negotiating table of the peace conference, the imperialist powers held the Paris peace conference and the Washington conference successively. In the struggle for supremacy, the European powers maintained their dominant position for the time being and frustrated the United States' ambition to control the league of nations and dominate the world. At the same time, European powers also recognized the strengths of the United States and Japan's special status in the asia-pacific region. Through these two international conferences, the imperialist powers established the versailles-washington system. The Versailles - Washington system is a new imperialist international order that divides the sphere of influence and the world based on strength. It completed the adjustment of the relations between the great powers after the first world war, but did not change the basic pattern of the exploitation and oppression of the vast backward countries and regions by the capitalist countries. Since this system cannot eliminate the contradictions between the imperialist countries, it cannot be sustained for a long time. Lenin once pointed out that the entire international system and international order maintained by the treaty of Versailles was built on the crater.

The struggle within European countries not only weakened their own advantages, but also accelerated the transfer of the center of international relations to the us-soviet bipolar structure. In the Versailles system, there are two kinds of contradictions among the European imperialist countries: the franco-german contradiction is the main contradiction between the victorious and defeated countries; The contradiction between Britain and France is the main contradiction between the victors fighting for the hegemony of European continent. At the beginning of the post-war period, the two pairs of contradictions were mainly the contradiction between Britain and France. The UK was in a proactive position on the issues of alliance and defense, reparations and European security, and the balance of power policy was won. The dollar became the key to Germany's and Europe's economic recovery, deepening Europe's reliance on the United States while strengthening its economic ties. Germany benefits.

In the 1930s, Germany went on the path of fascism under the impact of economic crisis. The contradiction between fascist force and capitalist democratic force rose to the main one, which eventually led to the outbreak of world war ii. After that, the traditional European powers, Britain, France, Germany, were either weakened or defeated; America became the hegemon of the capitalist world; The Soviet union was the only country that could compete with the United States. As the conflict between the United States and the Soviet union became acute, international relations became increasingly tense. Based on the Yalta conference, the post-war bipolar pattern finally replaced the europe-centered pattern of international relations. The second world war played a decisive role in completing the transfer of the world centre for international relations.

The cold war was a contest of strength between the socialist Soviet union and the capitalist United States. After world war ii, the United States ranked first in economic and military strength. Its ambition to dominate the world was growing, but it had to face up to the increasingly powerful Soviet union and other socialist countries. Therefore, the United States led other western capitalist countries to take hostile actions against the Soviet union and other socialist countries by all means except armed attack to "curb" communism, namely the cold war policy. In the 1950s, when Khrushchev was the leader of the Soviet union, he began to fight for equal status with the United States and tried to dominate the world together with the United States. The United States and the Soviet union began more than 30 years of struggle for supremacy.

In the 1990s, with the upheavals in eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet union, the two polar patterns of the United States and the Soviet union ceased to exist and the situation of "one super and many strong" was temporarily formed. The world political pattern was developing towards multi-polarization, but a new and relatively stable world pattern has not yet been formed.

After the cold war, the United States reformulated its global strategy in order to dominate the world and become a "world leader". The United States is trying to build a unipolar world dominated by the United States with its great power. America's attempt to create a unipolar world has been opposed by almost every country, including other western powers. Countries or national alliances such as the growing European Union, Japan, China and Russia. It has become an important force to contain the United States' hegemony in the world and promote the multipolarity of the world pattern.

The pattern of international relations refers to the relatively stable structure and system formed by various fundamental forces in the world in a certain period. As the balance of political, military and economic power between great powers changes, the pattern of international relations will adjust accordingly, and even completely change.

The multi-polarization trend of the world political pattern is rooted in the multi-polarization of the world economic power structure. As a whole, the European Union is striding forward on the road of integration, and its influence in global affairs is getting bigger and bigger. Japan has become the second largest economic power in the world and is working towards becoming a world political and military power. Russia, the main successor of the former Soviet union, actively carried out all-round diplomacy of east and west, devoted to revitalizing economy and restoring great power status. Since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in economic construction, significantly increased its comprehensive national strength and played an increasingly important role in international affairs. After the unification of Germany, its comprehensive national strength increased greatly, and its gross national product greatly exceeded that of Britain and France. After overcoming difficulties, the economies of southeast Asia, Latin America and other regions tended to stabilize. India and Brazil also accelerated their development. These countries and regional groups have unanimously advocated that the world should develop towards multi-polarization, and their own growing strength and efforts of different levels have also promoted the development of the world pattern towards multi-polarization.

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