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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Hospital care，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了医院护理。在医院的护理过程中，护士可能会遇到一些不太友好的病人。因此，护士在与患者沟通时需要学会控制自己的心态，以唤起患者对治疗的信任和信心，增加患者的安全感。另外，护士要对患者给予同情和理解，避免给患者带来不良情绪，增加患者的心理负担，加强护理与患者的关系。同时，护士也应该有较高的文化背景，这能加强护士和病人之间的关系。

This course consists of five parts. What has resonated with me most in this course are four parts in part A. The first module covered capability respect of Indigenous peoples’ ways of knowing, being and doing in the context of history, culture, and diversity and how these dimensions impact health-care. The second module is provided a reflection of the Australia’s health-care system which is in relation to cultural self and health-care, such as racism and white privilege. The third module is about the communication, and the last module covered safety and quality. These combined conceptions are all helpful for me to understand the Australian health care system better. This assignment defines key health concepts reflects and analyzes my own and others viewpoints and how these may influence the heath care experience.

Cultural safety is extremely important for the health-care system. People’s living standard is improving day by day and advancement in the medical system are also reformed, patient safety, which is a focus of medical and health attention due to the issue of public security and culture which first appeared in the 1980s (Elizabeth, 2007). Specifically, cultural safety exists in units and individuals in the quality and attitude. It is higher than all the supreme ideas, so it has been extensively applied in various fields of safety management. Nursing safety refers that the patients do not suffer from psychological, physical or functional barriers, damages, defects or death beyond the scope of laws and regulations during the implementation of nursing services.

In fact, cultural safety should be achieved step by step. The first step is cultural awareness because everyone is different and every country has its own culture and some culture are made up of even more subcultures and minority groups. In Australia, aboriginal and Torres strait islander also have their own culture (Castles, 2009). Most people's understanding of Australian aborigines tends to stay in remote villages or nomadic tribes, while the living styles and problems of contemporary aborigines and Torres Strait islanders are different from the native Australians (Bennett, 2010). However, I then realized that aboriginal and Torres strait islander are very nice and friendly, they are just like the native people. When I become an RN, I have the opportunity to communicate with them. In fact, indigenous peoples now live in every state and region of Australia, both in highly urbanized environments and in relatively remote villages. They have achieved success in many areas, including academia, literature, sports, the arts, business and professional careers. In villages and mining areas, indigenous communities are challenging the mistaken notion that they are opposed to any form of development. Indeed, through agreements between regions and communities, many tribes are working with mining and other industries to develop economic projects, especially those on their own land, to ensure that some of the benefits return to indigenous communities. I also appreciate them. There are many indigenous peoples around me. Many of them are very easygoing and they can do well in many things. (Barrett, 2010).

In fact, the culture conflicts are always staying among different culture forms. As far as I am concerned, I see the importance of culture safety in my real life. I am a Chinese citizen. In China, the hospital is a place to provide medical services, and its most important function is medical services, which is a special service related to the rehabilitation of human diseases. The core of hospital culture is patient-centered. Hospital safety culture and nursing safety culture are both safe and effective medical services for patients. In China, once I had the stomach. When I went into the hospital, I found that I did not have enough money to pay for the fee. However, the hospital let me get the treatment first. I appreciated the hospital very much. I believe humanitarian is one feature in Chinese culture safety. At the same time, I also find that drugs are strictly controlled by the government in China. For this reason, Chinese people do not have many chances to touch the drugs. However, some western countries do not control the drugs so strictly.

In hospital safety promotion measures, countries around the world through decades of research, take measures, but did not reach the desired effect, the researchers realized that a serious problem is that in a punitive cultures, think mistake is unacceptable adverse events report will not be able to avoid, if employees do not want to expose with him about the weak link, some analysis will not be able to expose the potential reasons. Without changing the cultural concept, some new safe technologies are difficult to realize, so people realize that a positive safety culture should be constructed in hospitals to avoid the occurrence of patient injury events.

Therefore, nursing managers should guide nursing staff to work towards "patient safety" as a top priority, and supporting and promoting a culture of patient safety is a key factor to improve safety. Therefore, in the overall safety culture awareness of the nurses team, they consciously participate in various activities of safety culture, so that patient safety can be improved continuously.

Nurses are professionals who combine knowledge into operation. Nurses are people who send various kinds of instruments and medicines to patients' bodies. They are also the profession with the least reversibility in medical safety operation accidents. The elements of a culture of nursing safety require nurses to do the following. The first is that managers value nursing and take positive action. Managers attach importance to and take positive actions, which is the basic element of the safety culture of nursing. The first part of the safety culture of nursing is that the management attaches importance to patient safety, recognizes the importance of patient safety and regards safety as the first optimization, including the public communication of safety, the development of safety education and the cultivation of safety responsibility. The second is for nurses to report errors in a timely manner, changing the system rather than punishing individuals. Timely reporting of errors, changing systems rather than punishing individuals, and error reporting and disclosure are key elements of patient safety culture (Toussaint, 2005). The status of safety culture consists of acceptance, discovery, reporting and communication of mistakes. When the nurse discrepancies, if we can write inspection report processing method, the ideological attitude, more weight, according to the circumstances of the error to economic penalties, to inspect the alert, is punished as to solve the problem, an effective way to correct mistakes, the consequences can often lead to nurse to avoid responsibility, escape punishment and not to report, or to escape behavior, cover up the truth. International medical research, points out that construction of safety culture, the biggest challenge is to change to punish culture, change the error occurs to punish individuals, as a system, improving the error prevention of adverse events, so that employees will dare to expose errors, the organizers can learn from their mistakes, continuously improve the safety of the patients from their mistakes. Nurses need to have good teamwork and effective communication.

Next, good teamwork and effective communication, to promote the development team, safety culture training of team members, including creating keep patient safety goal of the action plan and training plan, team training, improve communication, effective listening, information sharing, the priority will be the best patient outcomes between professional, and extended to communicate with patients and their families, encouraged to participate in the care of patients and their families. High-quality nursing means to improve services, implement holistic nursing for patients, strengthen basic nursing, guarantee medical security, and strive to provide safe, effective and satisfactory medical services for the people. Nurses need to establish the concept of nursing safety culture (Parker et al. 2009). It is very important for nurses to establish the concept of nursing safety culture, identify and evaluate the unsafe factors in nursing work, establish the management system of nursing adverse events, and constantly ensure the safety of patients. This is also the need of nurses' safety work, as well as the important responsibility of constantly changing the quality of nursing work and building a harmonious society.

At the same time, the communication skills are also needed in the health care. In nursing work, effective communication is to promote mutual understanding between nurses and patients, improve the patients to nursing staff's trust and satisfaction of nursing work, strengthen consciousness of patients with nursing and the nursing staff reasonable compliance, reduce the conflict between nurses and patients, an important means to establish good relationship between nurses and patients, is also the important factors affecting the quality of nursing. Therefore, it is necessary for nursing staff to master some common communication skills and use them properly.

The nurse should first make a good first impression on the patient. Appearance is neat and dignified, behavior is decent, language, motion, expression is friendly warm. When the nurse sees the patient, she needs to take the initiative to greet him or her, to use his or her name, to receive and introduce him or her warmly, to show love, care and consideration everywhere, to grasp the intonation, tone and speed of speech, to make the patient feel close, thus laying a good foundation for future communication and communication (Shacklock, 2010).

I think listening is the most important of nursing skills. In the communication between nurses and patients, the nurse must first be a good listener. While listening to the patient's speech, pay attention to the voice tone, frequency, facial expression, body posture and movement of the patient, so as to capture and understand all the information conveyed by the patient (Rn, 2010). A good nurse should do the following. First of all, nurses need to arrange some time and choose the right environment to listen to patients. Second, the nurse needs to pay attention during the communication with the patient and not distract herself due to the abnormal pronunciation or tone of the patient. Thirdly, the nurse needs to ask questions in a timely and appropriate manner, not interrupt the patient's conversation at will, listen to the patient's talk completely, and do not rush to judge. Fourthly, the nurse needs to carefully understand the meaning of the patient's words in the fox process, and the nurse needs to understand and confirm the real meaning of the patient's expression in the communication process. Fifth, nurses should pay attention to the non-verbal information expressed by patients, and respond with non-verbal information such as facial expressions and body posture, indicating that they are listening carefully.

In Australia, there are some culture differences between aboriginal and Torres strait islanders and some other people (Castles, 2009).  It is necessary for nurses to listen to the words of these people. It is not only the expression of respect, but also the way to know the culture differences.

I don't think it's enough to just listen to the patient, but the nurse also needs skills to help the patient control her emotions. The aborigines in Australia have their own cultural characteristics (Bandler, 1989). In the process of nursing, if they encounter cultural conflicts, they are likely to be rejected in their hearts. I have also some negative experiences when I became the RN. Once I encountered a patient who was very upset and he was always explaining the service and the hospital. I was also unhappy. However, I then remember my responsibility and adjusted my mood soon. I believe these course lacks of some skills for nurse to ease the pressure in working. Therefore, in the nurse-patient communication, nurses should not only listen carefully and observe the non-verbal performance of patients, but also master and correctly use the vocabulary related to expressing emotions (Jangland, 2009). Nurses need to use guided conversations to encourage patients to show their emotions and emotions. At the same time, nurses can also use appropriate empathy to establish the mutual trust between patients and nurses. Language communication is a complex process. Learn, master, and use polite language, comforting language, encouraging language, suggestive language, instructional language, and protective language. Patients seek medical treatment because of the disease, hoping to get sympathy, care and comfort. The use of comforting and encouraging language by nurses can alleviate the anxiety of patients, so as to improve the psychological state of patients and regulate their behavior and physiological functions to achieve the purpose of treatment.

Also, nurses may encounter some less friendly patients. Therefore, nurses need to learn to control their own mentality when communicating with patients. In order to arouse patients' trust and treatment confidence and increase their sense of security. The nurse should give sympathy and understanding to the unreasonable patients, avoid bringing bad emotions to the patients, increase the psychological burden of the patients, and intensify the nursing and patient relationship.

At the same time, the nurses should also have the high cultural context, which will enhance the relationship between the nurses and the patients. I believe the health care should get rid of the restriction of the race, it needs the efforts of everyone. In the future, I will analyze more skills of communication in health care and cases of communication of aboriginal and Torres strait islanders in communications in culture and language.

References

Bandler, F. (1989). Turning the tide: a personal history of the federal council for the advancement of aborigines and torres strait islanders.

Barrett, & Judith, E. (2010). Hepatitis b in australian aborigines and torres strait islanders: georgraphical, age and familial distribution of antigen subtypes and antibody. Internal Medicine Journal, 6(2), 106-111.

Bennett, E., Manderson, L., Kelly, B., & Hardie, I. (2010). Cultural factors in dialysis and renal transplantation among aborigines and torres strait islanders in north queensland. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 19(6), 610-615.

Castles, I., & Statistics, A. B. O. (2009). Aboriginal and torres strait islander. Chronic Kidney Disease in Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander People, 16(5), 60-60.

Elizabeth Patterson, R., & Patricia Davidson, R. F. (2007). Practice nursing in australia: whose responsibility?. Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia, 14(4), 2-3.

Jangland, E., Gunningberg, L., & Carlsson, M. (2009). Patients' and relatives' complaints about encounters and communication in health care: evidence for quality improvement. Patient Education & Counseling, 75(2), 199-204.

Parker, R. M., Keleher, H. M., Francis, K., & Abdulwadud, O. (2009). Practice nursing in australia: a review of education and career pathways. BMC Nursing,8,1(2009-05-27), 8(1), 1-6.

Rn, E. J. H. B. (2010). Evolution of practice nursing in australia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(3), 376-388.

Shacklock, K., & Brunetto, Y. (2011). The intention to continue nursing: work variables affecting three nurse generations in australia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(1), 36-46.

Toussaint, P. J., & Coiera, E. (2005). Supporting communication in health care. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 74(10), 779-781.

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