全球化的内在矛盾-英国Essay范文－r51due

英国essay论文精选范文：“全球化的内在矛盾”，这篇论文讨论了全球化的内在矛盾。全球化是当今世界最强劲的发展趋势和历史潮流，以发达资本主义为主导的全球化在推动经济发展和社会进步的同时，也带来了一系列不可克服的内在矛盾。但不论这些矛盾运动的过程和表现多么曲折复杂，都不会改变为全世界无产阶级的联合以及资本主义向社会主义过渡创造客观历史条件的必然趋势。

Globalization makes the division of labor and cooperation to expand to the global scope, production, exchange, distribution and consumption reached a new stage of internationalization. This objectively requires that the means of production and the forms of distribution determined by it should also be owned by society or the public. But the brutal reality is that the means of production and the distribution of the form of a serious tilt to the international monopoly capital, "a transnational capitalist class has emerged, it controls the formation of transnational national institutions and global decision-making." This is a new hegemonic group. Capital holds the "lifeblood" of the global economy, provides the general direction of world production, determines the world capitalist economic, political, cultural and social nature. Therefore, globalization has not only eliminated the socialization of production and capitalist private ownership of the contradictions, but to make this contradiction at a higher level and a wider range of expression, the contradiction is more acute and difficult to solve.

Globalization provides capital with the opportunity to choose the reserve forces of the world's industries. The world is not limited to low-skilled workers, and even to all workers in the information society. Global capital has greater power than global labor, capital is global, and labor is local. The movement of capital internationally and the reduction of domestic workers' wages have infringed workers, a situation that has surpassed that of any time in the past. "The historical reality of informationism precisely uses the decentralized power of the network, leading to the concentration and globalization of capital." Labor is fragmented at the operational level, fragmented in organization, diversified in existence, and manipulated in collective action Segmentation. "" In the context of cyber society, capital is harmonized at the global level, and labor is individualized."

With the help of highly developed modern means of transportation and communication facilities, as well as a complete network management system, individual multinational companies within the organization, product and market development, production and marketing strategy with high degree of planning and implementation of coordination. But between different multinational companies, different competitors, due to the capital of the advantages and interests and selfish nature, this coordination and cooperation on behalf of the fierce, life and death of the competition and struggle. The relative surplus of production is manifested on a global scale. While the more overproduction, multinational companies disorderly competition between the more intense.

New globalization is eroding the authority of nation-state management and challenging national sovereignty. "In fact, the formation, activities and expansion of the new and legitimate international community as a whole and the renewal of the older international regimes have been accompanied by the process of globalization, which has the character of transcending national legal systems, Weakening national sovereignty and protecting the interests of transnational corporations. All the nationalities, the state's authority weakened, the bourgeois mode of production into a "global rules." In this case, the majority of developing countries have shown a strong tendency to agree with nationalism. The famous neo-Marxist Samir Amin pointed out: globalization has eroded the power of the nation-state, which is the capital of the country's attack, it reflects the "capitalist economic management of the global space and its political and social management of the nation Space division. " This division cannot be overcome by a single market approach, but requires a "market plus country." Thus, "divorced from politics and the economy of the state does not exist."

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The pursuit of efficiency and profit maximization is the only choice for multinational companies. But behind this "reasonable and legitimate" purpose, it conceals greater injustice and injustice. Developed countries continue to use high tariffs to impede the export of developing countries; rich countries on imports from developing countries, the average tariff levied on their products to other industrialized countries, several times; developed countries continue to use quotas and "anti-dumping" Tariff barriers impede the export of developing countries, etc. As a result, developed countries not only stifle the potential advantages of developing countries, but also inhibit the existence of competitive advantage in developing countries. The contradiction between efficiency and equity is more pronounced in the world than in a country.

Socialized production and market economy commercialization of knowledge, and intellectual property protection is absolutely necessary. However, large-scale social production and market economy to commercialize knowledge, and in contemporary society has entered the era of knowledge economy. In this case, the protection of intellectual property rights is absolutely necessary. However, under the existing pattern of international division of labor, on the one hand, the culture of developed countries is highly commoditized, and the "cultural industry" can mass-produce and mass produce "fast-food culture", and through international trade negotiations, other countries must consume such fast- ; On the other hand, the developed countries use their economic and political advantages to monopolize the world's "voice" to create "cultural superiority", other countries' culture has been marginalized, their "intellectual property" Watch the nature of the. In the framework of existing world trade, some people have even to the common intellectual wealth of mankind, through the application of intellectual property rights, monopoly profits into their exclusive wealth, the scope of the exclusive intellectual property rights greatly expanded, the public The field of knowledge is less and less, which is the tragedy of human civilization.

At the material and cultural level, there is no doubt that globalization has a homogenization process, the world's differences were gradually reduced. Fukuyama, an American scholar, once declared that, under the influence of consumer culture, the whole world is becoming a homogeneous society [5]. Therefore, the end of history, this homogeneous society is the United States "democratic market capitalism", which is the ideal model of globalization and human civilization and the ultimate destination. However, while promoting the intercourse and integration of national culture, globalization has not eliminated contradictions and conflicts among various civilizations and nationalities in terms of interests, culture and values, but has exposed such contradictions more fully. Because the process of globalization from the outset in developed and developing countries under the conditions of the inequality of the strengths and weaknesses. Some researchers in China believe that "the trend of globalization makes information exchange, knowledge sharing, resource sharing, world coexistence is no longer a distant myth, and is becoming an undeniable and unavoidable reality." In contrast, this description and concept seems too romantic.

Economic globalization has occurred and developed under the circumstances that the old international economic order has not been fundamentally changed, and the negative effects of globalization are gradually being exposed. One of the most prominent is the North-South gap, the growing gap between rich and poor, there has been a growing number of marginalized countries and populations. "In fact, there is an 'economic sign', the center of which is the industrial country .Because of this status and early technological advancement, the industrial countries constitute the whole system for their interests, the production of raw materials export countries with its resources, and thus form a broad, heterogeneous periphery in a different way and with varying degrees of integration in the system. "The center-periphery inequality is the reason for the developed countries The root of the underdeveloped countries.

"Socialism represents an era of rationality, progressive value, and a great revolution compared to the extreme right-wing, racism in the process of globalization." The socialist value paradigm promotes equality and democracy, opposes injustice and oppression, The interests of most people. "Capitalism accepts socialist criticism and learns from it". It absorbs socialist economic factors such as cooperatives, shareholding systems, economic programs, social welfare, and "management democratization" within enterprises, and attempts to solve the problem of capitalism Of the internal conflict. In this sense, the more the development of capitalism in the process of globalization, the closer it is to socialism and the more familiar is the element of socialism. "To win the comparative advantages of capitalism, socialism must boldly absorb and draw on all the achievements of civilization created by human society, absorb and learn from all the advanced management methods in the developed countries of the world, including the capitalist countries, method."

Developed countries in the history of the formation of the economic advantage of continuity, in the face of globalization, economic power represents the "voice". The developed countries, by virtue of their superiority, control the production and circulation of the world and use their "rules of the game" naturally and rationally to seize the favorable position of economic globalization. Therefore, for developing countries, the road to the establishment of a new international economic and political order is long. At the same time, the cultural hegemonists rely on their own economic, political, scientific and cultural advantages to try to dominate the world with their own ideology. Therefore, not only to establish a new national political and economic order, but also to establish a new international civilized order.

The contradictions of the above-mentioned ten cross each other and influence each other, forming the main contradiction movement of the globalization process. On the one hand, the revolutionary nature of the productive forces, the inherent expansion of the large industry, and the greedy nature of capital have made capital undergo a transition from a single capital to a state capital to an international capital Accordingly, the history of capitalism changed from "national history" to "world history". On the other hand, the world history strengthens, expands and transfers the internal contradictions of capitalism. It transforms the internal contradictions of the mode of production into the contradictions between the global productive forces and the relations of production. At the same time, the proletariat and the bourgeoisie of the contradictions will evolve into the two world class contradictions and confrontation. The globalization of capitalism brings humiliation and disaster to the people of the world, but it also makes the world proletarians unite with a common basis and conditions, so that socialism instead of capitalism has become an inevitable historical trend.

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